Motor and sensory exam (+gait) Flashcards
What are the steps in the motor exam?
1) Upper limb tone
2) Upper limb power
3) Upper limb reflexes
4) Lower limb tone and clonus
5) Lower limb power
6) Lower limb reflexes
7) Abdominal reflexes
What are the steps in the exam to test coordination?
1) Finger-nose coordination
2) Heel-shin coordination
3) Dysdiadochokinesis
4) Drift
5) Romberg’s test
What are the steps to test gait?
1) Normal walk and turn
2) Heel-toe tightrope walking
3) Tip toes
4) On heels
5) Squat down and rise up
What are the steps to test sensory function?
1) Test light touch
2) Pain perception
3) Finger proprioception
4) Proprioception of hallux
5) Proprioception of joint position
6) Vibration sense
How do you test upper limb tone?
Hold hand as if going to shake it
Supinate and pronate forearm, flex and extend elbow, roll the wrist
What movements do you test the upper limb power for?
Finger extension and flexion Finger abduction Opposition and abduction of thumb Wrist flexion and extension Elbow flexion and extension Shoulder abduction and adduction
What are the upper limb reflexes you test?
Biceps, triceps, supinator, finger jerk
How do you test lower limb tone?
Roll the knee sideways and backwards
Flex and extend the knee
How do you test for clonus in the the lower limb?
Sharply dorsiflex foot, bend knee, hip externally rotated
What movements do you test for power in the lower limb?
Hip flexion/extension Knee extension/flexion Hip abduction and adduction Extension of the big toe Eversion/Inversion Dorsi/plantarflexion
What lower limb reflexes do you test?
Knee, ankle, plantar
How do you test the achilles/ankle reflex?
Foot slightly dorsiflexed, hip externally rotated, knee bent
How do you try to elicit a deep reflex?
Reinforce by clenching teeth or grasp fingers
How do you test abdominal reflexes?
Draw a blunt object over the four quadrants
How do you test finger-nose coordination?
Repeatedly touch nose and examiners finger
Repeat with eyes closed
Move finger side to side/up and down
