Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

What is oxygen consumption in an adult?

A

3 mL/kg/min

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2
Q

What causes R shift of CO2 response curve

A

narcotics
chronic obstruction
metabolic alkalosis
volatile agents

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3
Q

What are peripheral vs central chemoreceptors?

A

peripheral = O2 triggered

1) carotid body (CN9), ventillatory effects, pick up PaO2 60-65
2) aortic arch/bodies (CN10), circulatory effects

central = medulla = CO2, triggered by CSF and respiratory acidosis

inhibited by volatile anesthetics

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4
Q

What causes L shift of CO2 response curve?

A

metabolic acidosis
doxapram / dopram = respiratory stimulant
hypoxemia

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5
Q

What decrease the slope of the CO2 response curve?

A

benzodiazepines
propofol
volatiles (decrease slope and R-shift)

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6
Q

how do you calculate anion gap?

A

(Na + K) - (Cl + HCO3)

normal 8-12

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7
Q

What are the direct inhibitors of HPV?

A
hypocarbia
infection
vasodilators (nitroglycerin, nicardapine, nitroprusside) 
metabolic alkalosis 
volatile anesthetics MAC > 1
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8
Q

what is the alveolar gas equation?

A

PAO2 = PiO2 - PaCO2/R

PiO2 = FiO2*(Pbar - PH2O)

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9
Q

What is the rise in bicarb for acute vs chronic respiratory acidsosis

A
acute = 0.2 mmol/L for each 1mmHg rise in CO2 above 40
chronic = 0.4 mmol/L
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10
Q

how does the effect of PEEP change in a normal patient vs patient w/ CV

A

peep increased intra-thoracic pressure and RV afterload

normal patient = decreased pre-load and CO
CHF patient = volume overloaded, decreased pre-load is good, reduced LVEDP, decreased afterload

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11
Q

When does FRC drop the most?

A

from upright 60deg to flat 0deg

from flat 0deg to -30deg T-berg

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12
Q

what decreases closing capacity?

A
ACLSS
Age 
Chronic Bronchitis
LV failure
Smoking
Surgery
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13
Q

smoking cessation effects

A
  • 24-48hrs: R shift carboxyhemoglobin curve
  • 2 weeks: worsens ciliary function and sputum production
  • 2 to 3 months: improved cilia, less secretions, improved closing volume, increased FEF25-75%
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