Unit 5: Chap. 13,14,19 (PowerPoint) Flashcards
Pharmacology encompasses all aspects of _____________.
Drugs
What is nomenclature?
A classification system of names.
What’s is medication?
Substances prescribed for treatment that produce a therapeutic effect.
What are Drugs?
Substances used in diagnosis, treatment or disease prevention. This term can also be used to describe narcotics and hallucinogens. They affect the CNS causing behavioral changes. Can be highly addictive.
What can affect the CNS causing behavioral changes?
Drugs
This term can also be used to describe narcotics and hallucinogens.
Drugs
Each drug has what 2 things?
Trade and generic name.
What is a trade name?
The name given by the manufacturer.
What is the generic name?
Identifies the chemical family.
What is the generic name for Tylenol?
Acetaminophen
What is the generic name for Advil?
Ibuprofen
What is the generic name for Adrenalin?
Epinephrine
What is Pharmacokinetics?
Deals with how the body uses medication.
What is absorption?
The movement of a drug from the site of administration into the systematic circulation to produce a desired effect.
What is Oral Absorption?
Absorbed through the mucosa of the GI tract.
What are “other” forms of absorption?
Through the blood vessels in muscles, subq. tissue, or dermal layers. NOTE: medication injected into a vein or artery requires NO absorption.
What is distribution?
Means by which the drug travels, from bloodstream to the target tissue and site of action. Action is quicker in organs with abundant blood supply. Example: Liver heart brain and kidney
What is Metabolism ?
Process in which the body transfers the drug into an inactive form so it can be excreted. Mostly occurs in liver (broken down into metabolites) and excreted from the body.
What is excretion?
Elimination of drugs form the body. Mostly occurs in the kidneys but depending on the chemical make up; can be excreted via the intestines, lungs, breast milk or exocrine glands. A patient can have toxic effects from drug metabolism if they have impaired renal function or dehydration.
What is Pharmacodynamics?
Deals with how drugs work within the body.
Many addictive drugs can be grouped into ______ of ______ categories based on their what?
1 of 2
Method of action
What are the 2 categories that addictive drugs can be categorized into?
Agnostic
Antagonist
What is a agonist?
Binds to the receptors in the brain and mimics other chemicals causing a reaction.
How many main types of agonistic drugs are there?
2
What is direct-binding agnostic?
Binds directly to the receptor sites and acts just like a neurotransmitter.
It is a agnostic drug.
What is an indirect-acting agonist?
These cause more neurotransmitter to be released and thus enhance its action.
What is an example of an indirect-acting agonist in the dopamine system?
Cocaine
What is an antagonist?
It binds to the receptor in the brain but blocks other chemicals from causing a reaction.
Antagonistic drugs come in how many how many main forms?
2
What is a Direct-acting antagonist drug?
bind to the same receptor area as neurostransmitters and block the neurotransmitters themselves from binding to their receptors.
What is a antagonist indirect acting drug?
works by inhibiting the production or release of neurotransmitters.
What is an example of an antagonist and is an opiate antidote?
Narcan (Nalooxone)
Opioids include what?
Heroin prescription pain pills like
morphine, codeine, oxycodone, methadone and Vicodin.
When a person is overdosing on an opioid their breathing can?
Breathing can slow down or stop and it can very hard to wake them from this state.
Agonists
Drugs that occupy receptors and activate them.