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Patient Care > Chapter 13: Book > Flashcards

Chapter 13: Book Flashcards

1
Q

Although a comprehensive knowledge of drugs is not essential for a radiographer, you must be familiar with what?

A

The names, dosages, and routes of administration for medications used in imaging departments.

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2
Q

What is used within regularity?

A

Limited number of drugs, and a few standard dosages of each.

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3
Q

Knowledge of these medications greatly facilitates is hat?

A

The task of assisting the physician and aids in determining whether departmental stocks of medications and medication supplies are adequate and up to date.

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4
Q

Knowledge of these medications facilitates what as well?

A

Enables the alert radiographer to prevent errors by questioning and double-checking any medication orders or records than seem unusual or inappropriate.

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5
Q

Any ____ can produce side effects in certain patients.

A

Drugs

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6
Q

Radiographers use this knowledge to anticipate what?

A

To anticipate possible adverse drug reactions and to recognize and report signs and symptoms of adverse effects as they occur.

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7
Q

Why is medication awareness very important?

A

Because radiographers are often the first to observe the onset of medication responses that could have serious consequences.

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8
Q

What are medications?

A

Are substances prescribed for treatment that produce therapeutically useful effects.

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9
Q

What are drugs?

A

It is a more general term, denotes substances used in diagnosis, treatment, or disease prevention, or as a component of a medication.

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10
Q

In common usage, the term is also applied to what??

A

Applied to chemicals such as narcotics or hallucinogens that affect the CNS(central nervous system), causing behavioral changes and possibly addiction.

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11
Q

Drugs can replace a missing a substance in the body, such as?

A

Estrogen and insulin.

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12
Q

Some medications such as digitalis are made of what??

A

Plants

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13
Q

Heparin comes from what?

A

Animal sources

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14
Q

Penicillin is produced by what?

A

Microorganisms

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15
Q

Many drugs today are manufactured from what?

A

Synthetic Materials

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16
Q

What promises vast possibilities for the future??

A

Drug synthesis and the rapidly expanding application of genetic engineering

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17
Q

Each medication has a _______ name that identifies what?

A

Generic

Chemical family

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18
Q

If a drug consists principally of one chemical, it may also be referred to by what?

A

It’s chemical name

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19
Q

Acetylsalicylic acid is the chemical mane for the generic drug what?

A

Aspirin

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20
Q

Manufacturers give their products brand names that are also called?

A

Proprietary or trade names

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21
Q

The generic substance may be manufactured by several different companies and what?

A

Given a different trade name by each.

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22
Q

Synthetic antibacterial containing trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole is produced by who and under the name what?

A

Produced by Roche under the name Bactrim and by GlaxoSmithKline as Septra

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23
Q

A drug often becomes recognized by what?

A

The proprietary name given to it by the company that first develops and markets it.

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24
Q

The proprietary brand is usually more expensive than what?

A

its generic equivalent.

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25
Q

The generic and trade names of some drugs are used _________.

A

Interchangeably

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26
Q

The generic term epinephrine is used just as frequently as the trade name _________ for this common emergency drug.

A

Adrenalin

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27
Q

Why should you be familiar with both terms?

A

Because medications may be ordered by either generic or trade names

28
Q

Setting standards for control of drugs is part of the role of who?

A

United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

29
Q

The standards include strict rules concerning what??

A 
Efficacy (effectiveness)
Purity 
Potency (strength) 
Safety 
Toxicity (potential for harm) of both perspective and non perspective over the counter (OTC) medications.
30
Q

Efficacy

A

Effectiveness

31
Q

Potency

A

Strength

32
Q

Toxicity

A

Potential for harm

33
Q

Why is the study of drugs an ongoing process ?

A

Because new medications are constantly added to the medical repertoire.

34
Q

The FDA requires that all of the drug packages include what?

A

Trade name, generic name, chemical composition, chemical strength, usual dose, indications, contraindications and reported side effects.

35
Q

Package inserts from frequently used drugs may be kept where and why?

A

On file in the imaging department to avoid opening a package when this information is needed.

36
Q

Collect and study inserts from the drugs use most frequently to develop what?

A

A useful information base for medications that are important in your clinical setting.

37
Q

What is a good medication reference?

A

Physicians’ Desk Reference (PDR)

38
Q

The PDR is published _______, and lists what?

A

Annually

Lists drugs alphabetically by their generic names, trade names, and according to their uses.

39
Q

A separate section indexes that products made by each _________.

A

Manufacturer.

40
Q

The radiology department usually includes a current edition of what?

A

PDR or a similar reference

41
Q

What is another form of comprehensive medication reference?

A

Clinical Pharmacology

42
Q

The clinical pharmacology provides instant access via the Internet to the most current what??

A

Medication information updates

43
Q

Why might guides for nurses be usual?

A

They tend to emphasize the most common side effects and may help you recognize physical changes that might be significant.

44
Q

Changes in the pharmaceutical industry, including the introduction of so-called designer drugs, have increased what?

A

The speed at which medications are developed, approved, and marketed.

45
Q

Why is it more important than ever that medication information sources be current?

A

Medication references quickly become outdated.

46
Q

Medication information is available on what?

A

Package inserts, in medication reference books such as the PDR, and at numerous sites in the Internet.

47
Q

Pharmacokinetics is the study of the what?

A

The way the body processes a drug and includes how drugs are absorbed, reach their site of action are metabolized and exit the body.

48
Q

Metabolized

A

Physically and chemical changed

49
Q

Why are these processes important?

A

Because they affect the ways in which patients respond to medications

50
Q

Individual responses can vary greatly depending on?

A

Age, physical condition, gender, weight, or immune system.

51
Q

What is absorption?

A

Is a process involving the movement of a drug from the site of administration into the systemic circulation I order to produce a desired effect.

52
Q

When medications are injected directly into a vein or artery, __________\____________\_______.

A

No absorption is needed.

53
Q

What process depends on a adequate circulation?

A

Distribution

54
Q

Drugs act more quickly where?

A

Organs with an abundant blood supply, such as the liver, heart, brain, and kidneys.

55
Q

Where does most drug metabolism occur??

A

Liver, where the enzymatic action transforms a drug into metabolites that can be excreted via the intestinal tract or the kidneys.

56
Q

Metabolites

A

Products of metabolism

57
Q

Drugs can be excreted by way of what?

A 
Kidneys
Intestines 
Lungs
Breast 
Milk 
Exocrine Gland
58
Q

What is the chief organs of excretion?

A

Kidney, but the route depends largely on the chemical makeup of the drug.

59
Q

Portions of some drugs can escape _______ and be excreted unchanged in ______ or _______.

A

Metabolism

Feces and Urine

60
Q

What is excreted the through the lungs?

A

Volatile substances such as alcohol and certain anesthetics

61
Q

Why are postoperative patients encouraged to cough and breathe deeply?

A

To help clear their bodies of the anesthetic agent.

62
Q

Other drugs are metabolized where and travel where?

A

Metabolized in the liver, excreted into the bile, and then routed through the intestines for elimination.

63
Q

The metabolites of other medications metabolized in the liver are transported by?

A

The bloodstream to the kidneys for excretion.

64
Q

If kidney function Is impaired or is dehydrated what happens?

A

Drugs can be retained in the body and a toxic (poisonous) effect can occur.

65
Q

When are toxic affects more likely?

A

When patients have insufficient fluid intake.

66
Q

What is Pharmacodynamics?

A

The study of the effects of drugs on the normal physiological functions of the body.

Patient Care (2 decks)

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