Antiepileptic Drugs

Question 1

Two or more recurrent unprovoked seizures.

Answer 1

Epilepsy

Question 2

What are the types of seizures?

Answer 2

1-Partial seizures.
Simple/complex

2- Generalized seizures.

Question 3

Inhibits GABA A receptors activity.

Answer 3

Bicuculline/ Picrotoxin

Question 4

Agonists at glutamate receptors.

Answer 4

Kainic acid ( result in excitotoxic damage)

Question 5

What is the first line drug used for partial seizures?

Answer 5

Carbamazepine

Question 6

Used as second line treatment of partial seizures?

Answer 6

Tiagabine, valproate, gabapentin

Question 7

Used as first line treatment of generalized tonic-clonic seizures.

Answer 7

Carbamazepine, valproate

Question 8

Second line treatment for generalized tonic-clonic seizures.

Answer 8

Phenytoin, phenobarbitone

Question 9

First line treatment of absence (petit mal) seizures.

Answer 9

Valproate, ethosuximide

Question 10

Second line treatment of absence seizures.

Answer 10

Clobazam, clonazepam

Question 11

How does anti-epileptic drugs act on GABA receptors?

Answer 11

Either to
1- Inhibit GABA transaminase (responsible for metabolism of GABA).
2- or block the re-uptake by blocking the transporters.

Question 12

What are the drugs used for inhibiting GABA transaminase activity?

Answer 12

V.V

Valproate, Vigabatrin

Question 13

What does tiagabine do to increase GABA levels?

Answer 13

Blocking the re-uptake of GABA

Question 14

GABA A agonists.

Answer 14

Barbiturates, benzodiazepines

Question 15

Modulate the activity of GABA by increasing the frequency of Cl channel opening.

Answer 15

Benzodiazepines

Question 16

Increases the lifetime of Cl channel opening + increases Cl conductance directly at higher doses.

Answer 16

Barbiturates

Question 17

List three Benzodiazepines.

Answer 17

Diazepam - Clonazepam - clobazam

Question 18

List two barbiturates.

Answer 18

Phenobarbitone - Primidone

Question 19

List three examples of drugs acting on voltage gated sodium channels?

Answer 19

1- Phenytoin.
2- Valproate.
3- Carbamazepine.

Question 20

Blocks GABA transaminase and T-type of calcium channels.

Answer 20

Valproate

Question 21

Acts on sodium channels and also interferes with glutamate release.

Answer 21

Lamotrigine

Question 22

Used in the treatment of absence seizures, it blocks T-type calcium channels.

Answer 22

Ethosuximide

Question 23

Inhibit high voltage activated (HVA) calcium channels.

Answer 23

Gabapentine, Levetiracetam

Question 24

Gum hyperplasia/ acne/ hirsuitism are side effects of this anti-epileptic drug.

Answer 24

Phenytoin

Question 25

Anti-epileptic drug associated with bone marrow depression.

Answer 25

Carbamazepine

Question 26

Antiepileptic drug associated with weight gain and alopecia.

Answer 26

Valproate

Question 27

Antiepileptic drugs which induce cytochrome P450.

Answer 27

Phenytoin - Carbamazepine

Question 28

Inhibitors of cytochrome P450.

Answer 28

Valproate.

Question 29

Antiepileptic drug which do not have any effect on CYP450.

Answer 29

Tiagabine

Question 30

Antiepileptic drug affects heart/palate and causes Hydantoin syndrome.

Answer 30

Phenytoin

Question 31

Antiepileptic drug causes spina bifida and neural tube defects.

Answer 31

Valproate

Question 32

Antiepileptic drugs which have low teratogenicity.

Answer 32

Clonazepam - Lamotrigine

Question 33

The antagonist which is used in the treatment of benzodiazepine overdose.

Answer 33

Flumazenil