Anatomy & Physiology

Question 1

Diffusion

“The movement of gases from a higher partial pressure to a lower partial pressure, until equilibrium is reached”

Answer 1

• Molecules of oxygen need to diffuse from the lungs into the blood and from the blood to the muscles

Question 2

Levers

3 types of lever systems
Mechanical advantages & disadvantages

Answer 2

• Remember F,L,E for the order of the lever system
• Every muscle uses a 3rd class lever system with the exception of;
  = Gastrocnemius & tibialis anterior, mechanical ADVANTAGE, used for lifting heavy loads
  = Triceps, mechanical DISADVANTAGE, used to move quickly

Question 3

Respiratory Control

Mechanics of breathing during rest
Mechanics of breathing during exercise

Answer 3

• The RCC is divided into the ICC and ECC
• At rest, Inspiration;
• The ICC controls the rhythm of breathing, sending an impulse down to the inspiratory muscles (external intercostals & diaphragm contracts)
• At rest, Expiration;
• Is a PASSIVE process, external intercostals & diaphragm relax, ribs move down and in, increasing the pressure in the lungs
• During exercise, inspiration;
• Exact same, just with more force, also the ICC sends nerve impulses to the sternocleidomastoid and the pectoralis minor
• During exercise, expiration;
• ECC sends impulses to the internal intercostals and rictus abdominis