Neuro Exam Flashcards
Spinal reflexes of the thoracic and pelvic limbs
Withdrawal - both pelvic and thoracic limbs
Patellar reflex - pelvic limbs
Spinal cord segments of the cat and dog
- Dog: 8 cervical; 13 thoracic; 7 lumbar; 3 sacral; & 5 caudal = 36 total
- Cat: 8 cervical; 13 thoracic; 7 lumbar; 3 sacral; & 5 caudal = 36 total
Describe the characteristics of the patellar reflex - What spinal cord segments, nerve roots and peripheral nerves?
- Monosynaptic
- L4-6 spinal cord
segments - L4-6 nerve roots
- Femoral nerve
- Innervates the
quadriceps for
extension of the stifle
Describe the characteristics of the withdrawal reflex? Which spinal cord segments does it affect?
-Polysynaptic
- Pelvic limb L6-S1
- Sciatic nerve
- Thoracic limb
C6-T2 multiple
nerves
- Innervates muscles
for flexion of the limb
What does deep pain sensation suggest?
A positive deep pain sensation requires a cortical
response such as crying, biting or trying to get away. It is the last reflex to leave. Negative deep pain suggests poor prognosis
Minor spinal reflexes to test?
- Biceps reflex
- Triceps reflex
- Extensor carpi radialis reflex
- Gastrocnemius reflex
- Cranial tibial reflex
These reflexes are less reliable!
Describe the Cutaneous Trunci (Panniculus) Reflex
- Stimulus dermatome – the area of skin for an individual dorsal root - Info travels bilaterally in the spinal cord - Both lateral thoracic nerve (C8-T1) - Bilateral cutaneous trunci contraction
Frontal lobe houses the….
motor cortex
The parietal lobe houses the …
somatosensory cortex
The occipital lobe houses the…
visual cortex
the temporal lobe houses the…
auditory and behavioral cortices
Which cranial nerves are supratentorial
1 and 2
Which cranial nerves are infratentorial
CN 3-12
Optic nerve - motor or sensory?
sensory
Optic nerve - pathway?
- Cell bodies in the ganglionic layer of retina - Axon enters optic canal - Axons course to optic chiasm --> *optic tract - *optic radiation --> *occipital lobe (visual cortex) * contralateral side
Oculomotor - motor or sensory?
motor
Oculomotor (CN3) innervates what?
- Extraocular mm: medial rectus dorsal rectus ventral rectus ventral oblique levator palpebrae (skeletal) - Constrictor muscles of the pupil (smooth - parasympathetic) - Exit: orbital fissure
CN 4 – Trochlear Nerve - motor or sensory?
motor
CN 4 – Trochlear Nerve - innervates what?
- Extraocular mm:
Contralateral dorsal
oblique (skeletal) - Exit: orbital fissure
Ophthalmic Branch of the trigeminal - innervates what? Exit hole?
Sensory
to the eyeball and
medial canthus; exit
orbital fissure
Maxillary branch of the trigeminal innervates what? Exit hole?
Maxillary – Sensory to
the maxilla, exit rostral
alar foramen