Intracranial Diseases Part 2 Flashcards
Cerebellomedullary Junction Tumors
- Meningioma
- Choroid Plexus Tumor
- Nerve Sheath Tumor (NST)
treatment of NST
- Surgical resection technically difficult, difficult to get clean margins, cosmetic consequences - Fractionated radiation therapy - Radiosurgery (< 2cm)
Pituitary Macroadenoma location in the brain
Stella or suprasellar location
>1 cm, expands into diencephalon
Treatment of pituitary macroadenoma
Treatment fractionated radiation therapy 18 treatments at 2.5 Gy radiosurgery (< 2cm) median survival ~ 1-2 years
Tocagen Gene Therapy Principle
Murine Leukemia Virus (MLV) to deliver
the cytosine deaminase gene
MLV should technically only replicate in
dividing cells so should not affect
surrounding brain
Once the gene is in brain tumor cells,
cytosine deaminase can then convert 5-FC
(a oral antifungal drug) to 5-FU which can
kill cancer cells
bacterial diseases of Meningitis / Encephalitis / Neuritis
2º to endocarditis, pyometra,
foreign body, nasal passages, middle ear
fungal diseases of Meningitis / Encephalitis / Neuritis
Fungal – crypto (cats), blasto, coccidio
viral diseases of Meningitis / Encephalitis / Neuritis
distemper, herpes, parvo, parainfluenza,
rabies, FIP, FIV
protozoa diseases of Meningitis / Encephalitis / Neuritis
toxoplasma, neospora
rickettsials diseases of Meningitis / Encephalitis / Neuritis
– ehrlichia, RMSF (vestibular)
parasitic diseases of Meningitis / Encephalitis / Neuritis
cuterebra, toxocara, heartworm
Distemper in older vs younger dogs
Polioencephalomyelopahy – younger dogs, seizures, rarely survive Leukoencephalomyelopathy – older dogs, less severe, brainstem/cerebellar/vestib ular signs
Myoclonus
Myoclonus – rhythmic,
repetitive movement of a
group of muscles, present
even under anesthesia
What is Granulomatous
Meningoencephalits (GME)
Inflammatory disease
- granulomatous
infiltration of lymphocytes, plasma
cells, macrophages
Groups more affected with GME
Young to middle age
small breed dogs – poodles, terriers