Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psychology > Chapters 9 & 10 > Flashcards

Chapters 9 & 10 Flashcards

1
Q

How does the text define Personality?

A

Characteristics that prove individuality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What do ‘Personality Psychologists’ study?

A

They study the different behavioral patterns or traits that make up an individuals personality and how we acquire these traits through nature vs. nurture.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are personality traits?

A

The same personality characteristics and behaviors that come out in many different situations.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which perspective emphasizes ‘traits’ via ‘nature?’

A

Biopsychological Perspective. (Personality is influenced by the bio of the body and genetics.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which perspective emphasizes ‘traits’ via ‘nurture’?

A

Behavioral Perspective. (Personality is influenced by environmental learning and experience.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is temperament?

A

A biological behavioral disposition.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is self-efficiency?

A

Belief in ones personal capabilities. Faith in their ability to carry out a particular behavior or produce a desired outcome.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is self-esteem?

A

How we generally evaluate ourselves, both negative and positive.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which perspective studies personality in relation to the ‘unconscious.’

A

Psychodynamic Perspective. (Personality is influenced by the unconscious and early/earlier experiences.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

In Freud’s model of personality, explain the ‘ID.’

A

The raw, unorganized part of personality who’s primary concern is satisfaction of basic needs and the avoidance of deprivation. (Natural Instinct)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

In Freud’s model of personality, explain the ‘Ego.’

A

The part of our personality that provides a buffer between the id and the outside world. (Makes decisions on what you want)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

In Freud’s model of personality, explain the ‘superego.’

A

Represents the rights and wrongs of society as handed down by important figures in your life. (Morality)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

According to Freud, what would a socio/psychopath personality be lacking?

A

The superego’s morality principle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Psychological ‘Ego/personality Defense Mechanisms’ serve what purpose?

A

The mind/self guards, defends against, or minimizes threats to it.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is ‘Repression?’

A

When the mind blocks something disturbing by being pushed into the unconscious mind.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is ‘Suppression?’

A

When the mind blocks something disturbing by being held in the sub/preconscious mind.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is ‘Rationalization?’

A

When you provide good sounding reasons in place of threatening ones.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is ‘Denial?’

A

A refusal to mentally accept or acknowledge highly threatening information.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is ‘Resistance?’

A

An inability or unwillingness to discuss/reveal threatening information.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is ‘Projection?’

A

When externalize an internal fear or threat to distance self from it.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is ‘Reaction Formation?’

A

Occurs when ‘form’ an opposite behavioral ‘reaction’ to a more threatening one in an effort to compensate for it or to cancel it out.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is ‘Regression?’

A

Form of mental escape by returning to an earlier, less threatening time.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Is there a down side to an excessive use of defense mechanisms?

A

Yes, hiding and rechanneling unacceptable impulses becomes difficult and can result to a mental disorder produced by anxiety or “neurosis.”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Which perspective emphasizes ‘Free-Will/Self-Determination’ in personality development and expression.

A

Humanistic Perspective emphasizes that personality is influenced by self-actualizing drive and free will.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Can ‘Conditional Positive Regard’ negatively influence you?

A

Yes. A difference between your true self and what others wish you would be can lead to anxiety and frustration.

26
Q

Which perspective emphasizes “Thoughts, Ideas, and Beliefs” in personality?

A

Cognitive Perspective emphasizes that personality is influenced by thoughts, ideas, and beliefs.

27
Q

What is the “M.M.P.I” (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory) used for?

A

Identifies people with psychological difficulties and is employed to predict some everyday behavior.

28
Q

What is a ‘Projective Test?’

A

A personality test designed to let a person respond to stimuli, usually revealing hidden emotions and internal conflicts.

29
Q

Which perspective is most likely to use a projective test?

A

Psychodynamic Perspective

30
Q

What is ‘Developmental Psychology?’

A

The study of the patterns of growth and change that occur throughout the lifespan.

31
Q

Define ‘Developmental Stages.’

A

Identifiable patterns of universal growth and change.

32
Q

Define ‘Maturation.’

A

The unfolding of biologically predetermined patterns of growth.

33
Q

Define ‘Readiness.’

A

A biological state or condition where in preceding biological maturation or growth has created an innate readiness to acquire certain behavior patterns.

34
Q

What is ‘Cross Sectional Research?’

A

Examination of several different age groups at the same time with respect to an area of developmental interest.

35
Q

What is ‘Longitudinal Research?’

A

The examination of the same age group at different times with respect to an area of developmental interest.

36
Q

Define ‘Cognitive Development.’

A

The process by which a child’s understanding of the world changes as a function of age and experience.

37
Q

Define ‘Monozygotic Twins.’

A

Result from a single fertilized egg that splits into two identical genetic copies of itself, creating identical twins.

38
Q

Define ‘Dizygotic Twins.’

A

Develop from two different eggs, each egg is fertilized by its own sperm cell.

39
Q

Define ‘Zygote.’

A

The new cell formed by the union of an egg and sperm.

40
Q

Define ‘Embryo.’

A

The developed zygote that has a heart, brain, and other organs.

41
Q

Define ‘Fetus’

A

A developing individual, from eight weeks after conception until birth.

42
Q

Define ‘Age of Viability.’

A

The point at which a fetus can survive if born prematurely.

43
Q

Define ‘Prenatal.’

A

Before birth, during, or relating to pregnancy.

44
Q

Define ‘Neonatal.’

A

A newborn child.

45
Q

Define ‘Postnatal.’

A

Of, Relating to, characteristic of, or denoting the period after childbirth.

46
Q

What is the ‘Critical/Sensitive Period?’

A

A period of time when a developing individual is especially sensitive to the presence (or absence) of something environmental.

47
Q

What are ‘Teratogens?’

A

Environmental agents such as a drug, chemical, virus, or other factor that can produce a birth defect.

48
Q

What is Down Syndrome?

A

One of the causes of mental retardation, occurs when the zygote receives an extra chromosome at the moment of conception.

49
Q

Who is more at risk of giving birth to a down syndrome child?

A

Mothers older than age 35 and younger than age 18.

50
Q

What are ‘Neonatal Reflexes?’

A

Genetically predetermined behavior patterns that provide a new-born a survival advantage.

51
Q

What is ‘Pre-Attachment Behavior?’

A

A general social smile and imitative facial expressions (both reflex behaviors) designed to evoke an attachment response from potential caregiver.

52
Q

What is ‘Post-Attachment Behavior?’

A

A focused smile, stranger anxiety, separation anxiety, social referencing/checking back behavior, and home base return.

53
Q

What is ‘Secure Attachment?’

A

A close positive emotional bond between a child and a caregiver.

54
Q

How is trust established in ‘Secure Attachment?’

A

Requires a tactile (touch) component.

55
Q

What was discovered in the ‘Harlow Surrogate Monkey Study?’

A

That physical touch is a huge requirement in trust.

56
Q

Define ‘ Insecure Attachment Avoidant.’

A

Child shows no distress when caregiver leaves and is indifferent to her when she returns and/or avoid.

57
Q

Define ‘ Insecure Attachment Ambivalent.’

A

Child exhibits separation anxiety and acts upset when the caregiver leaves, but may show hesitant reactions to her return, such as seeking close contact but simultaneously hitting or kicking her.

58
Q

Define ‘ Insecure Attachment Disorganized/disoriented.’

A

Upon the caregivers return the child often runs around in a bizarre manner exhibiting anxiety and fear; this is often associated with previous child-abuse.

59
Q

Define the ‘Authoritarian Parenting Style.’

A

Parents that have very high expectations of their children, yet provide very little in the way of feedback and nurturance. Mistakes tend to be punished harshly.

60
Q

Define the ‘Permissive Parenting Style.’

A

Parents who give their children relaxed or inconsistent direction and although they are warm, require little of them.

61
Q

Define the ‘Authoritative Parenting Style.’

A

Parents who are firm, set clear limits, reason with their children, and explain decisions and actions.

62
Q

Define the ‘Uninvolved Parenting Style.’

A

Parents who show little interest in their children and are emotionally detached.

Psychology (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions