21. Anatomy Of The Respiratory System Flashcards
Where does the lower respiratory system start?
At the larynx
What is the purpose of the conducting zone?
Where does it end?
To provide passage for air. No exchange occurs
Ends at terminal bronchioles
What is the typical respiratory epithelium?
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells
What type of epithelium is located in shared food/air passages?
Why?
Stratified squamous
Protects against abrasion
Oro- and laryngopharynx
What type of epithelium is present in the gas exchange surfaces?
Simple squamous to facilitate diffusion
What are the functions of the nasal conchae and meatus?
Conchae spin air to remove particles, meatus increase SA for contact with mucosa
What are the borders of the pharynx?
The internal nares to the cricoid cartilage of larynx
Why does the pharynx contain circular and longitudinal muscle layers?
When relaxed, muscle keeps pharynx open. When swallowing, contraction of muscles assists.
Which cartilages form the larynx?
Epiglottis, thyroid, and cricoid (singular), and paired arytenoid, cuneiform, and corniculate
Which structure is known as the true vocal cords?
Arytenoid cartilages
Influence change in position and tension of vocal folds
What types of cartilage are present in the primary bronchi?
Incomplete rings
Where do the bronchial cartilages turn from rings into plates?
Primary bronchi have rings, secondary and tertiary have plates
How many secondary bronchi are there?
How many tertiary bronchi are there?
2 left and 3 right, one for each lobe
8-10, one for each bronchopulmonary segment of the lung
What keeps bronchioles patent?
Smooth muscle (replaces cartilage)
What type of epithelium is found in the terminal bronchioles?
Simple cuboidal
