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Anatomy > The Respiratory System (Thorax 1) > Flashcards

The Respiratory System (Thorax 1) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the anterior thoracic wall comprised of ?

A

The sternum (manibrium and xiphisternum) and the thymus gland in children below 12 years of age.

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2
Q

What is the posterior thoracic wall comprised of ?

A

Vertebrae T1-T12

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3
Q

What is the lateral thoracic wall comprised of ?

A

Ribs 1-12

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4
Q

Which bones articulate with the Manubrium at its superolateral angles ?

A

Both clavicles at their sternal ends and both first and second pairs of ribs

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5
Q

What is the name given to the above mentioned joints and what type of cartilage is found at these joints ?

A

Sternocostal joints (Hyaline cartilaginous joints)

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6
Q

What is the name given to the notch formed by the superior border of the manubrium ?

A

Sternal (Jugular) notch

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7
Q

At what vertebral level is the xiphoid process located ?

A

T9

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8
Q

At what vertebral level is the sternomanubrial joint found ?

A

T4

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9
Q

With the bodies of which thoracic vertebrae will the head of rib 7 articulate ?

A

T6 and T7

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10
Q

With which thoracic vertebral structure does the tubercle articulate ?

A

The transverse process

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11
Q

What structures lie in the costal groove ?

A

Neurovascular bundle

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12
Q

Which ribs are true rubs ?

A

1-7

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13
Q

Which ribs are false ribs ?

A

8-10

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14
Q

Which ribs are floating ribs ?

A

11-12

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15
Q

How is the first rib atypical ?

A

It is short, wide and flat and articulates with only one vertebrae (T1).

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16
Q

What other grooves are found on the first rib ?

A

The grooves for the subclavian artery and the groove fore the subclavian vein

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17
Q

The demi-facets on the body of the vertebrae articulate with what part of the rib ?

A

The head of the rib

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18
Q

The head of the rib articulates with what part of the vertebrae ?

A

The demi-facets of the vertebrae

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19
Q

What neural structure occupies the inter-vertebral notch ?

A

Spinal nerve root

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20
Q

What part of the rib articulates with the transverse process of the vertebrae ?

A

The tubercle

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21
Q

The tubercle of the rib articulates with what part of the vertebrae ?

A

Th transverse process

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22
Q

Which two parts of the vertebrae form the neural arch ?

A

The 2 pedicles and 2 laminae

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23
Q

A typical rib articulates with two vertebrae,with which vertebrae would rib 6 articulate ?

A

T6 and T5, the vertebral body of the same number and the vertebral body immediately above

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24
Q

Which anatomical structures make up the anatomical thoracic inlet ?

A

Rib 1 and the first thoracic vertebrae

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25
Q

Which anatomical structures make up the anatomical thoracic outlet ?

A

The 12th rib and the 12th thoracic vertebrae

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26
Q

Which ribs/costal cartilages form the costal margin ?

A

Ribs 7-10

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27
Q

Which costal cartilage are directly attached to the sternum ?

A

Ribs 1-6

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28
Q

Which ribs are indirectly attached to the sternum through preceding costal cartilage ?

A

Ribs 7-10

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29
Q

What are the three layers of intercostal muscle ?

A

External intercostal muscles
Internal intercostal muscles
Innermost intercostal muscles

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30
Q

From superior to inferior what is the sequence of the neurovascular bundle ?

A

Van
Artery
Nerve

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31
Q

Between which two layers of intercostals is the neurovascular bundle found ?

A

Internal intercostals and innermost intercostals

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32
Q

In which area of the rib is the neurovascular bundle found ?

A

The costal groove

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33
Q

What intercostal muscles are used for inspiration and expiration ?

A

Inspiration: External intercostals and diaphragm
Expiration: Internal intercostals and subcostals

34
Q

For each neurovascular bundle what is found on top of each rib ?

A

A small collateral branch of the neurovascular bundle

35
Q

What is the normal location for a chest drain ?

A

5th intercostal space mid axillary line

36
Q

What is a dermatome ?

A

An area of the body that is supplied by a single spinal nerve

37
Q

What is the spinal root of the brachial plexus ?

A

C5-T1

38
Q

What is the spinal root of the lumbosacral plexus ?

A

L1-S4

39
Q

Lymph nodes are found around what type of vessel ?

A

Large veins

40
Q 
What is the dermatome overlying the following:
Sternal angle
Nipple area
Umbilicus
Inguinal region
A

Sternal angle: T2
Nipple area: T4
Umbilicus: T10
Inguinal region: L1

41
Q

What kind of muscle is the diaphragm made of ?

A

Skeletal muscle with a central tendon

42
Q

How many major hiatus’ does the diaphragm have ?

A

3 major hiatus’

43
Q

What comes through the openings in the diaphragm into the abdominal cavity ?

A

The oesophagus
The inferior vena cava
The aorta

44
Q

How many attachments does the diaphragm have ?

A

4 attachments

45
Q

Which attachment is the longest and at what vertebral level does it attach ?

A

The righ crus attaches at L2/L3

46
Q

What vertebral level does the left crus attach to ?

A

L1/L2

47
Q

What is the name of the diaphragm’s most posterior attachment ?

A

The medial arcuate ligament

48
Q

Which of the left and right dome lies more superior during normal expiration and why ?

A

The left as the diaphragm is attached to the pericardium

49
Q

What cardiac structure is firmly attached to the diaphragm ?

A

The fibrous pericardium

50
Q

Which membrane covers the superior surface of the diaphragm ?

A

The parietal pleura

51
Q

From most superior to inferior what are the vertebral levels for the openings within the diaphragm ?

A

Inferior vena cava: T8
Oesophagus: T10
Aorta: T12

52
Q

Through which part of the diaphragm does the inferior vena cava pass ? the tendonous part or the muscular part ?

A

The tendonous part

53
Q

Which pair of nerves are the most important in supplying the diaphragm ?

A

The pair of phrenic nerves that supply the diaphragm with motor and sensory input

54
Q

The lower intercostal nerves supply what aspect of the diaphragm and with what ?

A

Supply the peripheral diaphragm with sensory supply

55
Q

What is the nerve root of the phrenic nerve ?

A

C3, 4 and 5

56
Q

Where does the vagus nerves lie in relation to the heart ?

A

More posterior and medially than the phrenic nerves

57
Q

What kind of cartilage is the epiglottis made of ?

A

Elastic cartilage

58
Q

What type of cartilage is the thyroid cartilage ?

A

Hyaline cartilage

59
Q

What type of cartilage is the cricoid cartilage ?

A

Hyaline cartilage

60
Q

What is the medical name for an adams apple ?

A

Laryngeal prominence

61
Q

Which cartilage forms the laryngeal prominence ?

A

Thyroid cartilage

62
Q

Name the muscle which completes the tracheal rings posteriorly ?

A

Trachealis muscle

63
Q

The name of the bifurcation of the trachea ?

A

The carina

64
Q

The arteries lying immediately lateral to the trachea in the neck are ?

A

The common carotid arteries

65
Q

The nerve lying immediately lateral to the trachea on both sides

A

The vagus nerve

66
Q

At what vertebral level does the trachea divide ?

A

T4

67
Q

Which of the two bronchi are shorter and wider and more vertical ?

A

The right bronchus

68
Q

Which two major arteries arch over the left main bronchus ?

A

The left pulmonary artery and the ascending aorta

69
Q

Which bronchus gives off a branch before entering the lung and what is this branch called ?

A

The right bronchus gives off the eparterial bronchus (superior lobar bronchus)

70
Q

On which lung surface if the hilum found ?

A

The medistinal surface

71
Q

What is the hilum of the lung ?

A

An area of the lung on the mediastinal surface

72
Q

What is the root of the lung ?

A

A group of structures found in the hila of the lung

73
Q

What four structures does the lung root comprise of ?

A

The main bronchus
The pulmonary artery
The superior pulmonary vein
The inferior pulmonary vein

74
Q

What are the two pleural membranes ?

A

The visceral pleura and the parietal pleura

75
Q

Which pleural membrane feels pain ?

A

Parietal pleura

76
Q

What is found between the pleural membranes ?

A

The pleural cavity

77
Q

What is the nae of the area where the pleura changes direction to line another surface ?

A

Pleural reflection

78
Q

During inspiration a space is created at the reflection, what is this space known as ?

A

Pleural recess

79
Q

At what intercostal space would you aspirate from the pleural cavity ?

A

9th intercostal space

80
Q

How many ribs difference does the pleura lie in relation to the lung ?

A

Two ribs below the lung

81
Q

What type of epithelium is found in the respiratory tract ?

A

Pseudostratified sqamous ciliated epithelium

Anatomy (4 decks)

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