Evolution

Question 1

Charles Darwin went where on what

Answer 1

Galapagos on HMS beagle

Question 2

Artificial Selection

Answer 2

Select organisms and allow them to breed in order to increase desired traits

Question 3

Darwin published

Answer 3

The origin of species by means of natural selection (1859)

Question 4

Natural selection

Answer 4

Process by which organisms with an advantage reproduce more than others of their kind

Question 5

Stabilizing selection

Answer 5

Favors an intermediate or middle phenotype found in stable environments

Question 6

Directional selection

Answer 6

Favors one extreme phenotype found in changing environments

Question 7

Disruptive selection

Answer 7

Favors two extreme phenotypes

Question 8

Unity

Answer 8

All organisms share the same characteristics of life that are traceable to the first cells

Question 9

Diversity

Answer 9

Each species is adapted to its environment

Question 10

Evidence of evolution

Fossils

Answer 10

Evidence of an organism that lived long ago

Question 11

Fossil records

Answer 11

Sequence in which fossils appear within strata of sedimentary rock

Question 12

Evidence of evolution

Competitive anatomy

Answer 12

Comparison of body structures in different species

Question 13

Homology

Answer 13

Similarity and characteristics that result from common ancestry

Question 14

Homologous structures

Answer 14

Different functions but are structurally similar because of common ancestor

Question 15

Analogous structures

Answer 15

Structures that serve the same function but are not constructed the same nor do they share a common ancestor

Question 16

Vestigial Structure

Answer 16

Remnants of features that served important functions in an organisms ancestors

Question 17

Evidence of evolution

Biogeography

Answer 17

Geographic distribution of species

Question 18

Evidence of evolution

Embryology

Answer 18

Comparison of body structures in different species

Question 19

Evidence of evolution

Molecular biology

Answer 19

Comparing DNA an amino acid sequences between different organisms

Question 20

Convergent evolution

Answer 20

Unrelated species evolve similar traits even though they are not closely related

Question 21

Divergent evolution

Answer 21

When one species evolves into two or more species with different characteristics

Question 22

Coevolution

Answer 22

Relationship between two species might be so close that the evolution of one species affects the evolution of the other species

Question 23

Phyletic gradualism

Answer 23

Slow steady change

Question 24

Punctuated Equilibrium

Answer 24

Brief periods of rapid change

Question 25

Micro evolution

Answer 25

Change in the relative frequencies of alleles in a gene pool overtime

Question 26

Gene pool

Answer 26

Total collection of genes in a population at anytime

Question 27

Hardy-Weinberg Principle

Answer 27

frequencies will remain in equilibrium unless outside forces act to change those frequencies

Question 28

For population to remain in equilibrium there must be:

Answer 28

1. ) no natural selection
2. ) no mutation
3. ) no migration
4. ) large population
5. ) random mating

Question 29

Genetic drift

Answer 29

Change in the gene pool of a population due to chance

Question 30

Bottleneck effect

Answer 30

Prevents the majority of genotypes from participating in the next generation
Ex: natural disaster

Question 31

Founder Effect

Answer 31

Rare alleles occur in a higher frequency and isolated populations

Question 32

Adaptions

Answer 32

Special characteristics that enable organisms to be successful in a particular environment

Question 33

Types of adaptions

Structural

Answer 33

Physical characteristics

Ex: teeth whiskers fur wings

Question 34

Types of adaptions

Physiological

Answer 34

Inside body process/functions

Ex: reflexes, enzyme production venom

Question 35

Types of adaptions

Behavioral

Answer 35

Action

Ex: hibernation, migrate, warning call