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SCORE+DECKER UAMS > Wound Healing > Flashcards

Wound Healing Flashcards

1
Q

The stages of wound healing are…

A
  • hemostasis
  • inflammation
  • proliferation
  • maturation (remodeling)
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2
Q

Describe the stage of hemostasis in the process of wound healing.

A
  • endothelial injury → collagen:vWF–gp1b:PLT
  • PLT actvx (ADP, TXA) → chemotaxis, GF
    • vasoconstriction, PLT aggreg (gp2b/3a)
  • inflammatory cell migration
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3
Q

Describe the stage of inflammation in wound healing.

A
  • neutrophils - sterilize wound
  • macrophages - phagocytosis FB, bacteria
    • help signal fibroblasts
  • T lymphocytes
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4
Q

Describe the stage of proliferation in wound healing?

A
  • fibroblasts
  • collagen (III) synthesized, deposited into matrix
  • cross-linked - hydroxylysine/hydroxyproline
    • need vit C
    • disorder leads to scurvy
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5
Q

Describe the stage of remodeling in the wound healing process.

A
  • begins at 3 weeks
  • III collagen replaced by type I
  • disorganization → keloids, hypertrophic scar
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6
Q

What cell type orchestrates the repair process? How?

A

Macrophages

Secretion of multiple growth factors for healing

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7
Q

How does diabetes affect the healing process?

A

Diabetes causes microvascular occlusive disease, which disrupts and delays the healing process.

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8
Q

What concentration within a chronic wound is enough to affect wound healing?

A

Chronic wounds may become colonized by bacteria. Bacterial contamination with greater than 105 organisms per gram of tissue may cause infection and delay healing.

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9
Q

What cofactor aids in the hydroxylation of proline and lysine? What wound healing process does this affect?

A

Vitamin C

Collagen cross-linking

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10
Q

What vitamin may reverse the impaired healing that chronic steroids creates?

A

Vitamin A

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11
Q

In reference to wound healing, zinc deficiency is associated with what?

A

Poor epithelialization

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12
Q

Broadly, factors that influence wound healing include…

A

infection, nutrition, perfusion, steroids/immunological imbalances affecting inflammation, and radiation.

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13
Q

In wound healing, what is primary intention?

A

Wound edges are approximated

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14
Q

How long does it take epithelizalization to take place in primary intention?

A

48 hrs

Remove bandages at this time postop

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15
Q

80-90% of vascular leg ulcers are from what?

A

venous insufficiency

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16
Q

Pressure ulcers develop over bony prominences. Which are the most common?

A

sacrum, ischeum, greater trochanter

17
Q

Generally, how does radiation affect human tissue?

A

slow and inhibit wound healing

radionecrosis of soft tissue and bone

18
Q

In general, how should do you identify and manage infected wounds?

A
  • fever, tenderness, erythema, edema, drainage
  • open, drain fluid, debride necrosis
  • abx considered if systemic signs or high risk
19
Q

What can help in the healing of ischemic wounds?

irradiated tissue?

diabetic ulcers?

A

revascularization

hyperbaric oxygen

glucose control

20
Q

A 23-year-old paraplegic woman presents with an open wound over the sacrum. The wound appears to have necrotic debris at the base. She does not have a fever, but the wound has a foul odor. How would you approach examination and management of this wound?

A
  • Pressure ulcers: develop over bony prominences, are more common in immobile patients.
    • Desiccation causes necrosis in the base of wounds.
    • Debris in the base prevents healing, nidus for infection.
  • Tx: debride to create a moist/clean wound, cx
    • ​if deep, eval for osteomyelitis
  • Tx 2: if systemically ill or cellulitis, give abx
  • Tx 3: Off-load w/ repositioning; air mattress, nutrition
  • Tx 4: If stool is contaminating, may need diversion
21
Q

A 72-year-old woman recently received a diagnosis of breast cancer and underwent left total mastectomy and sentinel node biopsy. Then she underwent immediate reconstruction with tissue expander implants followed by radiation therapy. She presents to your office with erythema, drainage, and dehiscence of the lateral edge of the wound. How would you approach the management of this wound?

A
  • Radiation and chemotherapy impair wound healing
  • Tx: abx, debridement, removal of infected FB
  • Mgmt: hyperbaric therapy, negative pressure therapy
  • Surg: autologous tissue flaps can be considered
22
Q

An 87-year-old woman with chronic mesenteric ischemic disease underwent exploratory laparotomy and right hemicolectomy. Postoperatively, she developed a severe ileus requiring extended nasogastric decompression. On postoperative day 10, the nurse notes that there is fullness and increased drainage from the inferior edge of the incision. How can wound healing best be optimized in this patient?

A
  • poor nutrition can diminish wound healing and increase risk of wound dehiscence
  • initiate early feeding in stable pts w/ continuity
  • NPO)for significant periods may need TPN

SCORE+DECKER UAMS (29 decks)

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