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Construction safety > Official concrete and masonry study guide > Flashcards

Official concrete and masonry study guide Flashcards

1
Q

What Subpart is concrete and masonry under?

A

Subpart Q 1926.700 – 1926.706

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2
Q

Failure to protect employees from impalement – rebar not capped or covered.

A

(1926.701(b))

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3
Q

Failure to establish a limited access zone (LAZ) to limit the number of workers in the danger zone where a masonry wall is under construction.

A

(1926.706(a)(1))

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4
Q

Failure to brace unsupported section of masonry wall over 8 feet in height.

A

(1926.706(b))

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5
Q

Failure to have drawings or plans at the jobsite to indicate jack layout and formwork placement.

A

(1926.703(a)(2))

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6
Q

Mushroom Cap

A

Ineffective

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7
Q

Square Cap with Reinforced

A

Effective

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8
Q

For Post Tensioning work, the following precautions have to be followed:

A
  1. Access shall be limited behind jack to those performing the work
  2. Signs & barricades are required to limit access
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9
Q

Concrete Placing by Crane and Bucket

A
  1. Employees are not allowed to work under concrete buckets being lowered or elevated into position.
  2. As much as practical, buckets should be routed to minimize the number of employees exposed to overhead buckets.
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10
Q

Concrete mixers with capacity greater than ___ must have mechanical device to clear skip of materials.

A

1 cu. yd.

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11
Q

Guardrails should be on each side of ___.

A

skip

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12
Q

Compressed air hoses on concrete pumping systems must have _____.

A

fail-safe connectors

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13
Q

Masonry saws must have _________.

A

Semicircular guard enclosure

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14
Q

Concrete buggy handles cannot extend ______.

A

past wheels on either side

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15
Q

Concrete pump hose must have ______ to prevent separation under load.

A

connectors

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16
Q

Concrete buckets with hydraulic release must have a device to prevent ______.

A

accidental dumping

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17
Q

Power concrete trowels must have a ____.

A

dead man switch

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18
Q

Bull float handles must ______ if electrical contact is possible.

A

non-conductive

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19
Q

Tremies must be secured with _______.

A

wire rope or equivalent

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20
Q

_______ required for work on equipment used for concrete & masonry.

A

Lockout/tagout

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21
Q

When dealing with cast-in place concrete,____ must be designed, fabricated, erected, supported, braced and maintained so that it will be capable of supporting without failure all vertical and lateral loads.

A

Formwork

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22
Q

When dealing with cast-in place concrete, Drawings or plans and any revisions for_______. must be available at the jobsite.

A

jack layout, formwork, scaffolding, and shoring equipment

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23
Q

April, 1978 ___workers killed in the collapse of scaffolding used to pour concrete for a cooling tower under construction. ___ workers fell more than ___ feet and six were crushed to death on the ground.

A

51, 45, 150

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24
Q

____to be inspected prior to erection, before , after, & during, concrete placement

A

shoring

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25
Q

Damaged shoring is _____.

A

not to be used

26
Q

Shoring that is found to be damaged must be ______.

A

immediately reinforced

27
Q

______ must be sound, rigid, and capable of carry the maximum intended load.

A

sills for shoring

28
Q

All base plates, shore heads, extension devices, and adjustment screws must be in _____________.

A

firm contact with the foundation and the form-and secured when necessary.

29
Q

______ on shore heads are not allowed unless designed for this (Means loads not centered on head, lateral loads can cause failure)

A

Eccentric loads

30
Q

Shoring & re-shoring are not to be removed
until concrete strength is sufficient to _______.

A

support its weight & any other imposed

loads.

31
Q

Adjustment of single post shoring not to be

made after ________.

A

placement of concrete

32
Q

Re-shoring to be erected as original shoring is ____ as needed for support.

A

removed

33
Q

Formwork stripping is hazardous. What should be done when stripping formwork?

A

Use of spotter and restricted access area

34
Q

Cast-in-Place Concrete
Slip Forms

A
  1. Scaffolds or work platforms required for slip
    forms.
  2. Design must be adequate.
  3. Safe rate of lifting must not be exceeded.
35
Q

Cast-in-Place Concrete
Reinforcing Steel

A
  1. Rolls of reinforcing wire shall be anchored
    to prevent recoiling.
  2. Reinforcing steel for walls, columns, etc.
    adequately supported to prevent overturning.
36
Q

Contacting dermatitis from concrete exposure can cause severe burns to skin &
eyes. What is the best practice to prevent this?

A
  1. Employees should wear full-length trousers,
    long-sleeve shirts, rubber boots, and gloves
    and avoid prolonged contact with concrete.
  2. Employees exposed to concrete splatter
    should wear eye protection.
    3.Washing facilities and eyewash solution
    should be provided.
37
Q

What two things can be done to prevent silica exposure?

A
  1. NIOSH approved mask

2. Wet sawing

38
Q

Precast Concrete three ratios

A

a. Tilt up inserts must have 2/1 safety factor
b. Precast inserts must have 4/1 safety factor
c. All lifting hardware must have 5/1 safety
factor

39
Q

April, 1987
 Lift slab construction project in Bridgeport,
Connecticut
 28 workers killed, 12 injured when two adjoining
towers collapsed at the 6th & 9th levels of
construction
 Multiple failures in design system and
construction practices

A

L’Ambiance Plaza

40
Q

Walls over ___ in height, must be “adequately”

braced – OSHA

A

8 feet

41
Q

When bracing masonry walls A _____ shall exist on both sides of a masonry wall until the wall obtains final lateral stability from supporting structural elements.

A

restricted zone

42
Q

When bracing masonry walls - time following initial period until wall is connected to structural elements.

A

Intermediate period

43
Q

When bracing masonry walls - Restricted zone to be evacuated during initial period when wind speeds exceed….

A

20 mph

44
Q

When bracing masonry walls - Restricted zone to be evacuated during the intermediate period when wind speeds exceed…..

A

35 mph

45
Q

 The ___________

should determine how best to brace the wall.

A

project engineer or competent person

46
Q

A typical masonry wall brace includes:

A
  1. vertical member
  2. inclined strut
  3. stakes
  4. strut brace
47
Q

Scaffold planks (2 x 10s) are typically used as the…….

A

vertical member and the inclined strut

48
Q

What are typically used for for stakes and strut-brace?

A

2 x 4s

49
Q

Prevention of ____ of critical importance

in high rise construction.

A

falling debris

50
Q

When hooking up flying forms what is necessary?

A

fall protection

51
Q

What are the most frequently cited violations?

A
  1. Failure to protect employees from impalement.
  2. Failure to establish Limited Access zone.
  3. Failure to brace unsupported section of masonry wall over 8 feet high.
  4. Failure to have drawings or plans or jack layout and formwork placement.
52
Q

How can rebar be guarded to avoid impalement?

A
  1. Prevent employees from working in an area where they may fall into or onto unprotected rebar.
  2. If this is not possible use PPE or guardrails.
  3. Rebar can be capped with protective covers.
  4. The rebar can be bent when engineer says ok, or it can be covered with 2x4s.
53
Q

What should be done to avoid being in the danger zone, when masonry walls are being constructed?

A
  1. Only employees involved in building the wall should be in the danger zone, until it has gained sufficient strength.
  2. Mark off area with tape or chains.
  3. Created a limited access zone that is as wide as the wall and as long as the height of the wall plus four feet.
54
Q

What should be the dimensions of a limited access zone around a masonry wall?

A

The width of the wall x the height of the wall plus 4.

55
Q

The project engineer or competent person should determine how best to brace the wall. A typical masonry wall has a Vertical member, inclined strut, stakes, and strut brace.

A

Magazine of masonry construction novemeber 1988.

56
Q

Scaffold planks (2x10s) are typically used as the t, and

A

vertical member and the inclined strut

57
Q

2x4s and 2x6s are considered by most experts to be inadequate for

A

vertical members or inclined struts.

58
Q

2x4s are typically used for

A

stakes and strut-brace.

59
Q

The support or bracing shall be designed by or under the supervision of a qualified person to withstand a minimum of 15 pounds per square foot. Local environmental conditions (e.g. strong winds) need to be considered in determining the bracing design. Braces or shores shall be secured in position.

A

The American National Standards Institute’s Standard for concrete and masonry work, ANSI A10.9

60
Q

Whenever single post shores are tired additional requirements to be followed are that shores must be:

A
  1. Designed and inspected by competent person.
  2. Vertically aligned
  3. Spliced to prevent misalignment
  4. Braced in two directions, at tier and splice level.
61
Q

Lift slab concrete eight rules:

A
  1. Must be planned by professional engineer
  2. Only essential employees allowed in work area
  3. jackes must be rated with capacity
  4. jacks must have a 2.5/1 safety factor
  5. Jacks to have safety device in case of failure
  6. Lifting operations supervised by competent person
  7. slab must be with in 1/2” during lift slab operations.
  8. welding done by certified welder.
62
Q

Flying deck forms best practice:

A
  1. Qualified person to inspect prior to movement
  2. No one person to inspect form prior to movement.
  3. Fall protection anchored to structure for rigger.
  4. Tag line required on form
  5. No one permitted on form during movement
  6. Safety line attached to form during roll out operation.

Construction safety (24 decks)

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