Chronic Renal Failure Flashcards
What are the common causes of CKD?
Glomerulonephritis
DM
Renovascular disease
HBP
Pyelonephritis
Obstructive causes
What are rare causes of CKD?
Myeloma SLE Amyloidosis Vasculitis Alport's syndrome
What is CKD?
Long term reduction in GFR
What is stage 1 CKD?
GFR > 90%
other evidence of renal damage
What is stage 2 CKD?
GFR 60 - 90%
other evidence of renal damage
What is stage 3 CKD?
GFR 30 - 60
w/ or w/o evidence of renal damage
What is stage 4 CKD?
GFR 15 - 30
w/ or w/o evidence of renal damage
What is stage 5 CKD?
GFR <15
Established renal failure
At what stage do symptoms occur?
Stage 3/4
What are the symptoms of CKD? (not of the causes)
Fatigue
Anorexia
Metallic taste
Pruritis
Restless legs
Bone pain
Signs of CKD?
Pallor
Yellowish skin
Brown nails
HBP
Bruising
Diabetes
Pulmonary/pericardial oedema
Tests?
Urine
- Dipstick
- > Haematuria
- > Proteinuria
- MC&S
- > rule out infection
Renal Ultrasound
- Exclude obstruction
- Assess kidney size
What size are the kidneys in CKD (without DM causes)?
Small
What bloodwork findings are there?
Low Hb
Creatinine and urea raised (indicative of progression)
Low calcium
High PTH
High phosphate
What is the main style of treatment?
Symptomatic
