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Networking Fundamentals > Week 2 - Network Protocols > Flashcards

Week 2 - Network Protocols Flashcards

1
Q
  1. )Explain A Unicast Transmission
  2. ) Explain A Multicast Transmission.
  3. ) Explain a Broadcast.
A
  1. ) Unicast is to a single device! Can be defined as 1-1 communication to a device on a LAN.
  2. ) Multicast broadcasts to a group of devices on a LAN, but not every single one! Think of it as a subset of clients!
  3. ) Broadcast is to all possible devices operating on a LAN. It can be thought as a 1-all communication.
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2
Q

1.) What are Network Protocols responsible for? (5 points)

A
  1. )
    - Performing different functions.
    - Defines the structure and formatting of messages.
    - Defines how networking devices share information.
    - Error and System message management.
    - The setup and maintenance of data transmission “sessions”
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3
Q

What function does an application perform within a network? (E.g. HTTP) (Three Points)

A
  • Formatting of data to make it transmittable across the network and readable on both ends.
  • Controls how processes such as downloading a webpage or sending an email are performed.
  • Acts as the interface between the user and the network!
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4
Q

What function does a transport protocol have? (E.G. TCP)

A
  • Checks to ensure data has or hasn’t been received.

- Marks packets in the order they are meant to be read.

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5
Q

What function does Internet Protocol (IP) have (Two Points)?

A
  • Manages the path data is sent along through the use of an IP address. Controls how data is sent across networks via routing!
  • Manages the transmission of traffic to and from outside the Local Area Network.
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6
Q

What Do The Data Link Protocols Manage? (Three Points)

A
  • The addressing and transmission of data across a local network through use of a Media Access Control (MAC) address.
  • Data Framing - Packets and are encapsulated further into frames.
  • Error Detection and Handling - Lowest later Error detection - Checks to see if data received correctly.
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7
Q

What do the Physical Protocols Handle? (4 Points)

A
  • Defines how the data is being sent and how the cabling, connectors, wireless transceivers, network interface cards etc operate.
  • Encodes and signals data from frames to bits which can be transmitted across the network.
  • The transmission of data.
  • The topology, both physical and logical.
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8
Q

What is a Protocol Suite?

A

A set of rules that work together to help solve a problem (E.g. Checking to see if the line is clear before making a broadcast).

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9
Q

Why is a layered model for network Protocols a good idea?

A
  • It specifically defines how and when data is moved and altered as it goes through the process of being transmitted.
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10
Q
  1. How many layers does the TCP/IP model contain?

2. Name The Layers Of The TCP/IP Model In Order:

A
  1. ) 4
  2. )
  • Application Layer
  • Transport Layer
  • Internet Layer
  • Network Access Layer.
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11
Q
  1. ) How Many layers does the OSI model contain?

2. ) List Each Layer In Order From Top To Bottom.

A

1.) 7

  1. )
    - Application
    - Presentation
    - Session
    - Transport
    - Network
    - Data Link
    - Physical.
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12
Q
  1. ) In terms of size, what must occur to data in order to be sent across the network.
  2. ) Data sent across the network must meet the …………… and …………….. …………. requirements of the network.
  3. ) Which is the process of adjusting the size of data for network transmission defined as?
A
  1. ) Long sets of data are broken down into smaller, individual pieces.
  2. ) must meet the maximum and minimum size requirements of the network.
  3. ) Segmentation.
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13
Q
  1. ) Define encapsulation
  2. ) In encapsulation, the transmitted message is switched from ……… to ….
  3. ) What structure does encapsulation build at each layer.
A
  1. ) Taking a segment relating to a certain level in the transmission process and including another data structure within it. This is achieved through the addition of a layer specific header to the current set of data.
  2. ) Data to bits.
  3. ) A Protocol Data Unit (PDU) forms.
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14
Q
  1. ) Define decapsulation.

2. ) In decapsulation, the transmitted message is swapped from …. to ………

A
  1. ) Decapsulation splits the transmitted message into its respective PDU’s at each layer and hands it to the node within the transmission that is responsible for handling the specific process unit (E.g. the router decapsulation the Internet layer and Checks the IP destination and source IP address.
  2. ) Bits to Data.
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15
Q

What does encapsulation endure lower layers can’t do.

A

1.) It ensures lower layers cannot read the data that is not relevant to their functionality .

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16
Q
  1. ) State the benefits of segmenting a message? (Two)

2. ) What is the main disadvantage of segmenting a message?

A
  1. )
    - Different conversations can be interleaved through multiplexing.
    - Network communication is more reliable.
  2. )
    - The complexity of transmitting data is increased.
17
Q
  1. ) In encapsulation, Which is the unit which contains the header Information for each particular layer of transmission?
  2. ) Name each of the PDU’s which occur across the OSI and TCP/IP models and place them in order starting from when they are first encapsulated at the Application later down to the Physical Layer.
A
  1. ) Protocol Data Unit (PDU)
  2. )
  • Data (Application, Presentation and Session Layer)
  • Segments (Transport Layer)
  • Packets (Internet Layer)
  • Frames (Data Link Layer)
  • Bits (Physical Layer)
18
Q

Briefly Explain What can be found in the Application layer PDU.

A

Encoded Application Data (e.g. The actual content of the file to be sent)

19
Q

Briefly Explain What can be found in the Transport layer PDU.

A

The destination and source ports the data is to be transmitted across (They define what the ‘conversation’ the source and destination are engaging in is about, E.G if the data has come from a web server or is AppleTalk data)

20
Q

Briefly Explain What can be found in the Network PDU.

A

1.) The destination and source logical addresses (IP addresses)

21
Q

Briefly Explain What can be found in the Data Link PDU.

A

Destination and source physical addresses (MAC address)

22
Q

1.) Briefly Explain What can be found in the Physical PDU

A

Timing and synchronisation bits.

23
Q

If a default gateway is incorrectly configured, what can the user no longer do?

A
  • Communicate with hosts in other networks.
24
Q

Which layer of the OSI model defines services to segment and reassemble data for individual communications between end devices?

A

Transport Layer

25
Q

Which address is used to deliver data to a host on a remote network?

A
  • Destination IP address.
26
Q

A packet who’s source IP is on the same network as it’s destination host IP will:

A

Not leave the network.

27
Q

What general term is used to describe a piece of data at any level in the network?

A
  • A Packet.
28
Q

What is the default gateway?

A

The IP address of the router interface which all data passes through to leave the network within a LAN.

29
Q

What type of delivery uses data link layer addresses?

A

Local - The MAC address is only used to search local networks!

(If no devices has the MAC address locally, the IP address only used to get off the network and search others)

30
Q
  1. ) Define an ARP request (Network Access/Internet Layer)
  2. ) What MAC address indicates a broadcast request?
  3. ) How does ARP assist in transmitting data off the local network?
A
  1. )
    - A system needs to know the MAC address of the interface it is sending its data to.
  • It knows the IP, so it sends out an ARP request. This essentially asks “Who has the IP address 192.168.x.x?” via an ARP request which contains a MAC address of “FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF”
  • An intermediate device (e.g. a Switch) receives the request and floods each of its ports with a ARP request of its own. This asks “If you have this IP address, respond with your MAC”
  • The device with the IP address responds with its MAC address. All others drop the packet.
  • The switch updates its ARP table and responds to the source by telling it the MAC address the data is headed for.
  • The host sends the packets it needs.
    2. ) FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF
    3. ) The host learns the MAC of its default gateway. The router then handles any further routing processes to get the packet off the network.
31
Q

Which addresses change as they travel across the different network devices?

A
  • Source and Destination MAC.
32
Q

1.) What are Proprietary Protocols?

A
  1. They are developed and owned by a single private business or organisation. They often tend to operate well on particular devices (Think Apple and Appletalk), but may often not be supported by other competitors. Open Standard Protocols are industry accepted protocols that are NOT VENDOR SPECIFIC. They are often collaborative efforts by a group of corporations. These include IP, TCP, UDP.
  2. ) Open Standard Protocols allow for greater interoperability between different proprietary brands of software and hardware. IP will work on a device no matter what it is.
33
Q

Briefly State The Function of the Application Layer

A

Network Process to Application

The user interface - User interacts with the layer to interact with the network

34
Q

Briefly State The Function of the Presentation Layer

A

Data Representation And Encryption.

(Often the layer at which the Operating System works at - Translates between Application layer

35
Q

Briefly State The Function of the Session Layer

A

Interhost Communication.

(The layer establishes a session between hosts, manages handshaking and duplexing)

In summary, it controls dialogs between computers.

36
Q

Briefly State The Function of the Transport Layer

A

End to end connections and reliability.

Provides transparent transfer of data through TCP and UDP - Reliable and unreliable connections

37
Q

Briefly State The Function of the Network Layer

A

Path Determination and Logical Addressing.

38
Q

Briefly State The Function of the Data Link Layer

A

Physical Addressing (MAC and LLC)

39
Q

Briefly State The Function of the Physical Layer

A

Media, Signal and Binary Transmission.

Networking Fundamentals (6 decks)

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