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Networking Fundamentals > Week 6 - IP Addressing And Routing > Flashcards

Week 6 - IP Addressing And Routing Flashcards

1
Q

The PDU of an IP packet can be generalised as two segments. These are:

A
  • The IP Header.

- The Transport Layer Segment.

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2
Q

IP Protocol Can Be Described As …………………… This Means No ……………. Is Established between each device.

A
  • Can Be Described As Connectionless.

- No Connection Is Established.

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3
Q

IP Protocol Uses ………………………. . This means no overhead is used to guarantee packet delivery resulting in faster transmission.

A

Best Effort.

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4
Q

IP Is ……………………………….. - It operates independently from the media it is transmitted across.

A

Media Independent.

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5
Q

Define a Connectionless Connection.

A
  • The Sender Doesn’t Check:
  • If The Recipient Is Present.
  • If Packets Are Received.
  • If The Packet Sent Still Has It’s Integrity On the other End.
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6
Q

Define Best Effort Delivery.

A

The host sends data across the network but does not check to see if the sent packets have arrived.

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7
Q

How Many Bits/Octets Make Up An IP Address?

A
  • 32 bits (4 octets)
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8
Q

An IP Address is made up of two main sections. What Are They, And What Do They Represent.

A
  • Network Address: The Network The Address Belongs To.

- Host Address: The Individual Address Of The Host Device.

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9
Q

What Is A Subnet Mask?

A
  • A series of bits which when combined with the AND function, and the IP Address of the device, indicate
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10
Q

Name The Two Types Of IPv4 Transmission Types.

A
  • Unicast - 1 to 1.

- Limited Broadcast - 1 To All in Local Network (Routers Won’t Forward It).

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11
Q

Define A Public IP Address.

A
  • An IP Address assigned to a host that needs direct access to the internet (E.g. An Edge Router).
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12
Q

Who Assigns public IP Addresses?

A
  • IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority).
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13
Q

Define A Private IP Address.

A
  • An IP address given to a host that does not require direct access to the internet
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14
Q

State the range of the Class A Private IP Addresses.

A
  1. 0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255

11. 0.0.0 - 171.255.255.255 are public

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15
Q

State the range of the Class B Private IP Addresses.

A
  1. 16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255

172. 32.0.0 - 192.167.0.0 Are Public Addresses

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16
Q

State the range of the Class C Private IP Addresses.

A

192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255

(Anything above 192.168.255.255 Is Public Or Used For Special Purposes).

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17
Q

State the range of the loopback addresses and state the purpose.

A
  • 127.0.0.0 - 127.255.255.255

- Used by a device to communicate with itself to test the internal networking components are working.

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18
Q
  • What Issues Exits With the IPv4 version of the IP protocol

- How Are These Issues Solved?

A
  • IP Address Depletion. IPv4 1.) Only supports 4,000,000,000 IP Addresses.
  • Internet Routing Table Expansion.
  • Lack of End To End Connectivity.
    2. ) IPv6
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19
Q

State the benefits of IPv6

A
  • Increased Address Space..
  • Improved Packet Handling.
  • Eliminates The Need For NAT (the translation of private to public IP addresses).
  • Integrated security.
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20
Q

In the IPv4 Header, What Does The Time To Live section ensure?

A
  • Maintains the time spent travelling/number of hops, so that the packet can be discarded if it exceeds a set limit to prevent packets endlessly traversing networks.
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21
Q

IPv6 Contains A Similar Section To The “Time To Live” section found in an IPv4 header. What Is This Called?

A
  • Hop Limit.
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22
Q
  1. ) The IPv6 Header Contains …………. Sections Than The IPv4 Header.
  2. ) Discarded Sections Include:
A
  1. ) Fewer.

2. ) IHL, Identification, Flags, Fragment Offset, Header Checksum, Options, Padding.

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23
Q
  1. ) How Long Is An IPv4 Address?

1. ) How Long Is An IPv6 Address?

A
  1. ) 32 Bits (4 Octets)

2. ) 128 Bits (16 Octets)

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24
Q
  1. ) How many colons can be used to compress an IPv6 address?
  2. )Leading 0’s are…….
A
  1. ) 1

2. ) Removed

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25
Q
  1. ) How Many Address Types Does IPv6 Include?

2. ) Name The Above

A

1.) Three

  1. )
    - Unicast
    - Multicast.
    - Anycast.
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26
Q
  1. ) What Is An Anycast Address.

2. ) How Is It Different To A Broadcast?

A
  1. ) An Address group which is assigned to a set of devices. Using algorithms, the networking devices send packets to the devices in the anycast group which are closest.
  2. ) A Broadcast Is To Everyone. An Anycast Is To Anyone Sharing The Anycast address (Which is usally the closest member of the group).
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27
Q

IPv6 Does Not Have A……

A

Broadcast Address.

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28
Q

An IPv6 Address is split into two sections. These are:

A
  • The Prefix.

- The Interface ID

29
Q
  1. ) The Prefix of an IPv6 address indicates what portion of an address?
  2. ) How Long Can This Section Be?
  3. ) What Is The Typical Length of This Portion?
A
  1. )The Network Portion.
  2. ) 0 to 128 bits.
  3. ) 64 Bits.
30
Q
  1. ) What Are The First Four Hextets (16 bits) Used For In A IPv6 Address?
  2. ) What Do They Represent?
A
  1. ) They Are The Global Routing Prefix, Or The Site Prefix. It Describes The Public Address Of An Organisation/Site.
  2. ) A Unicast transmission to a device anywhere in the world.
31
Q

The Subnet ID Consists of …. bits and follows the………..

A

16 bits and follows the global routing prefix/site prefix.

32
Q

The Interface ID consists of ……. bits and represents the device’s …………….. address. It can be assigned manually or …………………….. using a device’s …………………………………

A

64 Bits, host address, automatically, MAC Address.

33
Q

A Link Local Address Is:

A

An Address Which Is Not Routable And Only Operates Locally Within A Network.

34
Q

An IPv6 Address Can Be Identified As A Link Local Address If It Starts With The Prefix:

A

FE80 (1111 1110 10)

35
Q

When Is A Link Local Useful?

A
  1. If You Deliberately Want To Confine Your Transmissions To A Local Subnet.
  2. If You Do Not Have Access To A Global
36
Q
  1. ) What Is A Unique Local Address?
  2. ) What Hexadecimal Figures Can A Unique Local Address Start With?
  3. ) What IPv4 Type Address Are They Comparable To?
A
  1. ) An IP Address that Is Designed To Remain Within The Domain Of The Overall Network. It Is Not Meant To Traverse The Internet.
  2. ) FC - FD
  3. ) Private Addresses.
37
Q

What Does An Internet Control Messaging Protocol (ICMP) Message Do?

A

Sends Messages in The Event Of Certain Errors.

38
Q

What Do ICMP Messages Include?

A
  • Host Confirmation.
  • Destination Or Service Unreachable.
  • Time Exceeded.
  • Route Redirection.
39
Q

ICMP Messages Are Used To:

A
  • Determine Ping (Latency).

- Traceroute Transmissions.

40
Q

Which Characteristic Of The Network Layer in The OSI Model Allows Carrying Packets For Multiple Types Of Communications Amongst Many Hosts.

A
  • The Ability To Operate Without Regard To The Data That Is Carried in Each Packet.
41
Q

When is A Connectionless Protocol Is In Use At A Lower Layer Of The OSI Model, How Is Missing Data Detected And Retransmitted As Necessary?

A
  • Remember! IP Is Connectionless and Best Effort (No Checking To See If Packets Made It).
  • Therefore, Upper Layer Connection Orientated protocol Keep Track Of The Data Received And Can Request Transmission From The Upper Level Protocols On The Sending Host.
42
Q

In IPv4, Which Field Is Used To Prevent A Packet From Traversing A Network Endlessly?

A

Time To Live.

43
Q

What IPv4 Header Field Identifies The Upper Layer Protocol Carried In The Packet?

A

Protocol

44
Q

What IPv4 Header Field Identifies The IP Version Used?

A

Version

45
Q

What IPv4 Header Field Identifies The Length Of The IP Header

A

IHL

46
Q

What IPv4 Header Field Identifies Service Used?

A

DSCP (Differentiated Service Code Point)

47
Q

What IPv4 Header Field Identifies Congestion Seen On The Transmission Route?

A

ECN (Explicit Congestion Notification)

48
Q

What IPv4 Header Field Identifies The Length Of The IP Packet.

A

Total Length

49
Q

What IPv4 Header Field Groups Fragmented Packets To Their Original IP Packet They Belong To?

A

Identification.

50
Q

What IPv4 Header Field Identifies If An IP Packet Can Be Fragmented Into Smaller Blocks If Too Large To Transmit.

A

Flags.

51
Q

What IPv4 Header Field Identifies A Fragments Original Position In The Original Packet?

A

Fragment Offset.

52
Q

What IPv4 Header Field Is Used To Verify The Integrity Of A Sent Packet?

A

Header Checksum

53
Q

What is one advantage that the IPv6 simplified header offers over IPv4?

A

Efficient Packet Handling

54
Q

Which Characteristic Describes An Enhancement Over IPv4?

A

The IPv6 Header Is Simpler Than The IPv4 Header Is, Which Improves Packet Handling.

55
Q

Which Portion Of The Network Layer Address Does A Router Use To Forward Packers?

A

The Network Portion.

56
Q

How Many Bits Are In An IPv4 Address?

A

32 (4 Octets)

57
Q

What Is The Purpose Of The Subnet Mask In conjunction With An IP Address?

A

To Determine The Subnet To Which The Host Belongs

58
Q

Which Of These Addresses Is The Shortest Abbreviation For The IP Address?

  • 3FFE:1044:0000:0000:00AB:0000:0000:0057
  • 3FFE:1044::AB::57
  • 3FFEE:1044::00AB::0057
  • 3FFE:1044:0:0:AB::57
  • 3FFE:1044:0:0:00AB::0057
A
  • 3FFE : 1044 : 0 : 0 : AB :: 57
59
Q

What Is The Purpose Of ICMP Messages?

A

To Provide Feedback Of IP Packet Transmissions.

60
Q

A User Who Is Unable To Connect To The File Server Contacts The Help Desk. The Helpdesk Technician Asks The User To Ping The IP Address Of The Default Gateway That Is Configured On The Workstation. What Is The Purpose Of The Ping Command?

A

To Test The Host Has The Capability To Reach Hosts On The Other Networks.

61
Q

What Are Two Functions That Are Provided By The Network Layer?

A
  • Providing End Devices With A Unique Network Identifier.

- Directing Data Packets To Destination Hosts On Other Networks.

62
Q

Which Two Parts Are Components Of An IPv4 Address?

A
  • Network Portion.

- Host Portion.

63
Q

Which Three Addresses Are Private?

  • 10.1.1.1
  • 172.32.5.2
  • 172.16.4.4
  • 192.167.10.10
  • 192.168.5.5.
  • 224.6.6.6
A
  • 10.1.1.1
  • 172.16.4.4
  • 192.168.5.5
64
Q

What Are Two Types Of IPv6 Unicast Addresses?

A

Loopback And Link Local.

65
Q

What Are Three Parts Of An IPv6 Global Unicast Address?

A
  • An Interface ID That Is Used To Identify The Local Host On the Network.
  • A Subnet ID That Is Used To Identify Networks Inside Of The Local Enterprise Site.
  • A Global Routing Prefix That Is Used To Identify The Network Portion Of The Address That Has Been Provided By An ISP.

-

66
Q

Which Two Things Can Be Determined By Using The Ping Command?

A
  • The Destination Is Reachable Through The Network.

- The Average Time It Takes A Packet To Reach The Destination, And for The Response To Return To The Source.

67
Q

Which Two Types Of Device Are Typically Assigned Static IP Addresses?

A
  • Web Servers.

- Printers.

68
Q

Fill In The Blank: The Last Host Address On The 10.15.25.0/24 Network Is:

A

10.15.25.254

69
Q

Fill In The Blank. The Network Portion Of The Address 172.16.30.5/16 Is:

A

172.16

Networking Fundamentals (6 decks)

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