Book stuff

Question 1

ability to move from one posture to another; BOS and/ or COM is changing

Answer 1

transitional mobility

Question 2

ability to maintain postural stability and orientation with the COMover the BOS with the body not in motion; BOS is fixed

Answer 2

static postural control (stability, static equilibrium or static balance)

Question 3

ability to maintain postural stability and orientation with the COM over the BOS while parts of the body are in motion; BOS is fixed

Answer 3

Dynamic postural control (controlled mobility, dynamic equilibrium, or dynamic balance

Question 4

Ability to consistently perform coordinated UE and LE movement sequences for the purposes of investigation and interaction with the physical and social environment; during locomotion, COM is in motion and BOS is changing

Answer 4

skill

Question 5

What is impaired? failure to initiate or sustain movements through the range; poorly controlled movements during transfers

Answer 5

transitional mobility

Question 6

What is impaired? failure to maintain a steady posture; excessive postural sway; wide BOS; high guard arm position or handhold; loss of balance (COM exceeds BOS)

Answer 6

static postural control

Question 7

What is impaired? failure to maintain or control posture during dynamic trunk or extremity movements; loss of balance

Answer 7

dynamic postural control

Question 8

what is impaired? poorly coordinated movements; can of precision, control, consistency and economy of effort

Answer 8

Skill

Question 9

What are abnormal synergies highly predictable and characteristic of?

Answer 9

middle stages of recovery from stroke

Question 10

functionally linked Mts that are constrained by the CNS to act cooperatively to produce an intended motor action; used to simplify control, reduce or constrain degrees of freedom and initiate coordinated patterns of movement

Answer 10

synergies

Question 11

umbilical deviation in superior/ lateral direction indicates integrity of which spinal segments?

Answer 11

T8 to T9

- stim to each quadrant of abdomens produces movement towards the stimulus

Question 12

umbilical deviation in inferior/ lateral direction indicates integrity of which spinal segments?

Answer 12

T10 to T12

Question 13

What is injured with hypotonia

Answer 13

• anterior horn cell
• peripheral nerve
• cerebellar lesion (along with asthenia aka weakness)

Question 14

What is dystonia a result of?

Answer 14

• CNS lesion in basal ganglia and can be inherited (primary idiopathic)
• associated with neurodegenerative disorders (Wilson’s disease, due to excessive l-dopa therapy)
• metabolic disorders (amino acid or lipid disorders)

Question 15

Rigidity is the result of excessive supra spinal drive acting on what?

Answer 15

alpha motor neurons

- spinal reflex mechanisms are typically normal

Question 16

What is spasticity the result of?

Answer 16

hyperexcitibility of alpha motor neuron pool

- UMN damage

Question 17

Decorticate posturing is a result of damage to the corticolspinal tract at what level? decerebrate at what level?

Answer 17

decorticate = at level of diencephalon
decerebrate = brainstem between superior colliculus and vestibular nucleus

Question 18

Pupils that are bilaterally small may be indicative of damage to?

Answer 18

• sympathetic pathways in hypothalamus
• metabolic encephalopathy
  pinpoint pupils = hemorrhage due to morphine or heroine

Question 19

Pupils that are fixed in mid-position and slightly dilated may be indicative of damage to?

Answer 19

• midbrain damage

Question 20

Pupils that are fixed largely dilated may be indicative of damage to?

Answer 20

• severe anoxia

- drug toxicity (tricyclic antidepressants)

Question 21

______ pathways are involved in voluntary movement of distal musculature and are under direct cortical control

Answer 21

lateral pathways

- corticospinal and rubrospinal

Question 22

______ pathways are involved in control of posture and locomotion and are under brainstem control

Answer 22

Ventromedial

- vestibulospinal, tectospinal, and pontine and medullary reticulospinal tracts

Question 23

________ are the final common pathway to engage the peripheral m’s for function

Answer 23

neurons of the ventral horn of the SC