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PHASE 2A > NEUROLOGY > Flashcards

NEUROLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

What is the first line treatment for focal seizure?

A

carbamazepine or lamotrigine

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2
Q

What is the first and second line treatment for general seizures?

A

1st-sodium valporate

2nd- lamotrigine

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3
Q

What happens in a myoclonic fit?

A

Sudden limb or trunk jerks where the patient will fall suddenly

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4
Q

What is a jacksonian march and what type of fit does it link to?

A

An aura where the motor activity spreads from one limb to the rest of one half of the body and is seen in frontal focal type fits

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5
Q

During what fit is lipsmaking/ rubbing hands together/chewing movements seen?

A

A temporal focal fit

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6
Q

Investigations for epilepsy?

A 
Bloods: U+E, FBC, CRP, LFT, serum Calcium, blood Glucose
ECG (rhythm, conduction, QT interval)
MRI or CT – focal brain lesion?
EEG – classification not diagnostic
Video telemetry
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7
Q

What drug makes myoclonic seizures worse?

A

Carbamazepine

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8
Q

What is parkinson’s?

A

Nuerodegenerative loss of dopamine secreting cells from the substantia nigra

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9
Q

What cells are seen in parkinson’s?

A

Lewy bodies

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10
Q

What are differential diagnosis for parkinson’s?

A

lewy body dementia, pick disease and wilson’s disease

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11
Q

What are the 3 signs of Parkinson’s?

A

Bradykinesia, rigidity, tremor

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12
Q

Is Parkinson’s unilateral or bilateral?

A

Unilateral

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13
Q

What are wider symptoms of parkinsons?

A

Depression, phobias, anxirty, dementia, constipation, increased urninary frequency

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14
Q

What is the management for parkinson’s ?

A

Levodopa (doesn’t treat tremor)
Dopamine agaonists- Pramipexole+ropinirole
COMT inhibitors- Entacapone and tolcapone
Tremor treatment- Amantadine

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15
Q

What gene is linked to MS?

A

HLA-DR2

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16
Q

What is Lhermitte’s sign and what is it seen in?

A

Tingling pins and needles running doen the back and neck when bending the neck forward
It is seen in MS

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17
Q

What is MS?

A

Autoimmune demylination of the CNS

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18
Q

What is the treatment for MS?

A

Mild- dimethyl, alemtuzumab (monoclonal antibodies)
Relapse- methylprednisolone
Spasticity- gabapentin
Urgency urinating- self- catherterization
Tremor- botulinum

19
Q

What does an CSF in MS show?

A

Oligoconal IgG

20
Q

What type of hypersensitivity of myathenia gravis?

A

Type 2

21
Q

What epi does myasthenia gravis have?

A

women-20-30 and males >50

22
Q

What is myathenia gravis?

A

An autoimmune destruction of ach receptors

23
Q

What is the treatment for myasthenia gravis?

A

Corticosteroid- Prednisolone
Acheticholinesterase inhibitors- Pyridostigmine
Remove the thymus surgically

24
Q

What is the treatment for MND?

A

Riluzole inhibits glutamate release to slow progression

Non-invasive ventilation and feeding

25
Q

What is the main cause of meningitis in babies?

A

E.coli and B strep

26
Q

What is the main cause of meningitis in children and adults

A

Nisseria meningitis and strep pnumoniae

27
Q

What tumours can cause spinal cord compression?

A

Lung, breast, kidney and prostate

28
Q

SCC treatment?

A

Dexamethasone for odeama and surgical decompression

29
Q

What is the management of guillian barre syndrome?

A

IV immunoglobulins, plasma exchange

30
Q

What are the causes of guillian barre syndrome?

A

Camplylobacter, HIV, EBV, CMV, zoster

31
Q

What are tests for carpel tunel?

A

phalen’s and tinnels

32
Q

What is used to treat neural pain?

A

Amitriptyline

33
Q

What is encephalitis?

A

Inflammation of the brain parenchyma

34
Q

What causes encephalitis?

A

Herpes simplex, arbovirus, CMV and EBV

35
Q

What is the treatment for encephalitis?

A

Aciclovir for 14 days

36
Q

What is the treatment for shingles?

A

Aciclovir or Valaciclovir

37
Q

What is the management of migraines?

A

Avoid triggers, avoid oral contraception
NSAID use and acupuncture
Severe- Triptan such sumatriptan

38
Q

What is the treatment for trigeminal neuralga?

A

Carbamazepine, gabapentin, microvascular decompression

39
Q

What is migraine prophylaxis?

A

B blocker, acupuncture, topiramate

40
Q

What is the treatment of cluster headaches?

A

Subcutaneous sumatriptan

41
Q

What helps prevent cluster headaches?

A

Verapamil, lithium, corticosteroids

42
Q

Is the Huntington’s gene dominant or recessive?

A

Dominant

43
Q

What repeats in the genes for Huntington’s?

A

CAG (36+ is positive)

44
Q

What are the signs and symptoms for Huntington’s?

A

Dementia, Personality change, depression, abnormal eye movements and poor coordination

PHASE 2A (14 decks)

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