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Step 2 DIT 😱 > Anemia > Flashcards

Anemia Flashcards

1
Q

Right shift Hgb-O2 curve

A 
Increases O2 delivery to tissues
Acidosis
Increased temp
High altitude
Exercise
Increased CO2
Increased 2,3-DPG
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2
Q

Left shift Hgb-O2 curve

A 
Decreases O2 delivery to tissues
Alkalosis
Decreased temp
Increased Hgb F concentration
Decreased CO2
Decreased 2,3-DPG
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3
Q

Microcytic anemias

A 
Iron deficiency (MC)
Lead poisoning
Sideroblastic
Thalassemias
Chronic disease (usu normocytic)
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4
Q

Normocytic anemias

A

Hemolytic
Chronic disease (rarely microcytic)
Hypovolemia

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5
Q

Macrocytic anemias

A

Folate deficiency
B12 deficiency
Liver disease
Alcohol abuse

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6
Q

Hemolytic anemia labs

A 
Decreased H/H
Increased reticulocytes
Increased bilirubin (indirect)
Increased LDH (from RBC lysis)
Normal MCV
Decreased serum haptoglobin (used up)
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7
Q

Hemolytic anemia blood smear

A

Schistocytes, spherocytes, burr cells

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8
Q

Coombs test, direct

A

Agglutination indicates presence of IgG and complement on RBC membranes (eg warm/cold agglutinin)

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9
Q

Coombs test, indirect

A

Agglutination indicates presence of anti-RBC antibodies in serum (eg Rh alloimmunization)

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10
Q

Direct Coombs+ hemolytic anemia + antidrug antibodies, immune complexes or anti-Rh antibodies

A

Drug-induced hemolytic anemia

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11
Q

Drugs causing drug-induced hemolytic anemia

A 
Penicillin
Methyldopa
Quinidine
Cephalosporins
NSAIDs
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12
Q

Drugs causing G6PD deficiency hemolysis

A 
High dose ASA
Sulfa drugs
Dapsone
Quinine,quinidine, primaquine
Nitrofurantoin
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13
Q

Direct Coombs+ hemolytic anemia + anti-RBC antibodies

A

Warm-reacting (IgG) or cold-reacting (IgM) immune mediated hemolytic anemia

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14
Q

Hemolytic anemia + schistocytes

A

Mechanical (eg prosthetic heart valve)

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15
Q

Hemolytic anemia + spherocytes

A

Hereditary spherocytosis (+osmotic fragility test, +MHCH, decreased diameter)

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16
Q

Hemolytic anemia + bite cells or Heinz bodies

A

G6PD deficiency

17
Q

Iron labs for iron deficiency anemia

A

Low iron, low ferritin
High TIBC/transferrin
Low Iron:TIBC ratio (<12%)

18
Q

Iron labs for lead poisoning anemia

A

Normal/high iron

Normal ferritin, TIBC/transferrin

19
Q

Iron labs for anemia of chronic disease

A

Low iron
Normal/high ferritin
Low TIBC/transferrin
Normal Iron:TIBC ratio (>18)

20
Q

Iron labs for sideroblastic anemia

A

High iron, ferritin

Low TIBC/transferrin

21
Q

Iron labs for thalassemia

A

Normal

22
Q

Blood smear for iron deficiency anemia

A

Microcytic, hypochromic

23
Q

Blood smear for lead poisoning anemia

A

Microcytic
Basophilic stippling
May have ringed sideroblasts in BM

24
Q

Blood smear for anemia of chronic disease

A

Hypochromic

Normocytic or microcytic

25
Q

Blood smear for sideroblastic anemia

A

Microcytic

May have ringed sideroblasts in BM

26
Q

Blood smear for thalassemia

A 
Microcytic
Target cells (alpha)
Basophilic stippling (beta)
27
Q

Megaloblastic anemia

A

Macrocytic; hypersegmented neutrophils
B12/folate deficiency (Folate = MC)
Caused by problem w/ DNA synthesis

28
Q

Causes of aplastic anemia

A 
Radiation = MC
Drugs (chloramphenicol, sulfonamides, phenytoin, chemo)
Toxins
Viral (parvovirus, EBV, HIV)
Idiopathic
Congenital
29
Q

Schistocytes

A

Hemolytic anemia

DIP/TIP/HUS

30
Q

Acanthocytes (spur cells)

A

Irregular spokes

Abetaproteinlipidemia

31
Q

Echinocytes (burr cells)

A

Regular spokes

Hemolytic anemia

32
Q

Bite cells

A

G6PD deficiency

33
Q

Basophilic RBC stippling

A

Lead poisoning

Thalassemia

34
Q

Peripheral neuropathy + ringed sideroblasts in BM

A

Lead poisoning

35
Q

Hypersegmented neutrophils

A

Megaloblastic anemia (folate/b12)

36
Q

Heinz bodies (denatured Hgb in RBC)

A

G6PD deficiency

Step 2 DIT 😱 (23 decks)

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