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Step 2 DIT 😱 > Associations 7 > Flashcards

Associations 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Normal weight gain in baby

A

Doubles at 4 months
Triples at 1 year
Quadruples at 2 years
About 5 lb/year from 2 yo to adolescence

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2
Q

Normal height gain in baby

A

50% increase in 1 year
Doubles at 2 years
Triples at 13 years
About 2 in/year from 2 yo to adolescence

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3
Q

Reflexes should disappear by what age

A

6 months

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4
Q

Extension of head causes extension and flexion of limbs, “startle” reflex

A

Moro

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5
Q

Placing finger in palm causes grabbing

A

Grasp

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6
Q

Rubbing cheek causes turning of head to stimulus

A

Rooting

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7
Q

When head is turned, arm on faced side extends and other arm flexes (fencer’s position)

A

Tonic neck

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8
Q

Rubbing foot dorsum causes stepping motion

A

Placing

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9
Q

Best sleep position

A

On back to prevent SIDS

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10
Q

When to start solid foods

A

4 months (iron fortified cereal) - 6 months (fruits/veggies)

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11
Q

When to start cow’s milk

A

12 months

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12
Q

When to start seeing dentist

A

2-3 years

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13
Q

Amount of TV

A

<1 hour) screen time / day

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14
Q

HepB vax

A

3 (birth, 1-2 months, 12-18 months)

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15
Q

Rota vax

A

3 (2, 4, 6 months)

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16
Q

DTaP vax

A

5 (2, 4, 6, 15-18 months, 4-6 years)

Then switch to TDaP at 11-12 years

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17
Q

Hib vax

A

4 (2, 4, 6, 12-15 months)

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18
Q

PCV vax

A

4 (2, 4, 6, 12-15 months)

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19
Q

IPV vax

A

4 (2, 4, 6-15 months, 4-6 years)

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20
Q

MMR vax

A

2 (12-15 months, 4-6 years)

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21
Q

VZV vax

A

2 (12-15 months, 4-6 years)

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22
Q

HepA vax

A

2 (series of 2 between 12-24 months)

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23
Q

MCV4 vax

A

2 (11-12 years, 13-18 years)

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24
Q

HPV vax

A

3 (series of 3 starting at 11-12 years)

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25
Q

Influenza vaccine for kids

A

Annually starting at 6 months

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26
Q

Vaccines at birth

A

Hep B

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27
Q

Vaccines at 2/4/6 months

A

Rotavirus, DTaP, Hib, PCV
Hep B 2nd btwn 1-2 months
IPV at 2, 4, 3rd between 6-15 months

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28
Q

Vaccines at 12 months

A

Hep B, Hib, PCV, MMR, VZV
3rd IPV between 6-15 months
HepA x2 between 12-24 months

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29
Q

Vaccines at 4-6 years

A

DTaP, IPV, MMR, VZV

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30
Q

Age of anterior fontanelle closure

A

96% by 24 months (38% by 12 months, 1% by 3 months)

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31
Q

Signs of dehydration in children

A 
Skin turgor
Mucus membranes
Tears
Fontanelle
Irritable (moderate) or lethargic (severe)
HR, cap refill, urinary output
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32
Q

Questions to ask adolescent at normal exam

A 
SHADESSS
Strengths
Home environment
Activities
Drugs
Education, employment
Sexual activity
Suicidal ideation
Safety
33
Q

Calories in breast milk/formula, calorie requirements for infants <6 months

A

20 kcal/oz

100-120 kcal/kg/day

34
Q

Diffuse swelling or edema of scalp of newborn that crosses suture line

A

Caput succedaneum (resolves in a few days)

35
Q

Subperisteal hemorrhage (swelling/edema of scalp that does not cross suture line)

A

Cephalohematoma (resolves in weeks to months), often after vacuum delivery

36
Q

Tall, thin male w/ testicular atrophy, gynecomastia

A

Klinefelter syndrome (47 XXY)

37
Q

Tall male w/ significant acne, mild mental retardation

A

47 XYY

38
Q

Tall female w/ small head circumference, mild mental retardation, menstrual abnormalities

A

47 XXX

39
Q

MR + craniofacial abnormalities + vision/hearing abnl + simian crease on palms + cervical spine instability

A

Down Syndrome (trisomy 21)

40
Q

DS associated conditions

A

ALL
GI - duodenal atresia, Hirschprung, annular pancreas, celiac disease
Alzheimer disease
Cardiac defects

41
Q

Severe MR + rocker-bottom feet + overlapping fingers + cardiac and GI abnormalities

A

Edwards syndrome (trisomy 18)

42
Q

Severe MR + cleft lip/palate + polydactyly + cardiac and CNS defects

A

Patau syndrome (trisomy 13)

43
Q

Male w/ prominent jaw, large ears, macroorchidism, mental retardation

A

Fragile X syndrome

44
Q

MC genetic causes MR

A

Fragile X syndrome (males)

DS (overall)

45
Q

High-pitched, catlike cry

A

Cri-du-chat syndrome (deletion 5p)

46
Q

Overreating, obesity, decreased muscle tone and problems feeding in infancy

A

Prader-Willi syndrome (deletion of paternal allele)

47
Q

Ataxia, happy mood, unprovoked laughter

A

Angelman syndrome (deletion of maternal allele)

48
Q

Cleft palate + significant overbite + speech disorders + cardiac defects + mild mental retardation + possible T-cell deficiency and hypocalcemia

A

Velocardiofacial syndrome (associated with DiGeorge syndrome)

49
Q

“Elfin facies” (short, upturned nose w/ long philtrum) + mental retardation + cardiac defects + cheerful, friendly personality

A

Williams syndrome

50
Q

Lump in lateral neck that doesn’t move w/ swallowing

A

Brachial cleft cyst

51
Q

Lump in midline neck that moves w/ swallowing

A

Thyroglossal duct cyst (often assoc w/ ectopic thyroid tissue)

52
Q

Short palpebral fissure + thin upper lip + smooth philtrum + flattened midface + <10th percentile in height, weight, HC

A

Fetal alcohol syndrome

53
Q

Distinctive brown, fibrous plaque on forehead in infancy + ash leaf spots + shagreen patch + facial angiofibromas + seizures + subependymal nodules

A

Tuberous sclerosis

54
Q

Glycogen storage disease w/ lactic acidosis, hyperlipidemia and hyperuricemia (gout)

A

Type I (Von Gierke’s disease)

55
Q

Glycogen storage disease w/ diaphragm weakness leading to respiratory failure

A

Type II (Pompe disease, adult type)

56
Q

Glycogen storage disease w/ increased glycogen in liver, severe fasting hypoglycemia

A

Type I (Von Gierke’s disease)

57
Q

Glycogen storage disease w/ hepatomegaly, hypoglycemia, hyperlipidemia (but normal kidneys, uric acid, lactic acid)

A

Type III (Cori disease)

58
Q

Glycogen storage disease w/ painful muscle cramps, myoglobinuria w/ strenuous exercise

A

Type V (McArdle’s disease)

59
Q

Glycogen storage disease w/ severe hepatosplenomegaly and enlarged kidneys

A

Type I (Von Gierke’s disease)

60
Q

Vitamin deficiency causing increased RBC fragility

A

Vitamin E

61
Q

Vitamin deficiency causing dermatitis, cheilosis, glossitis

A

Vitamin B2, B3 (niacin), B9 (folate), B12, iron

62
Q

Vitamin deficiency causing peripheral neuropathy, angular cheilosis, glossitis

A

Vitamin B12

63
Q

Vitamin deficiency causing hemorrhagic disease

A

Vitamin K

64
Q

Vitamin deficiency causing NTD

A

Vitamin B9 (folate)

65
Q

Vitamin deficiency causing dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia

A

Pellagra - Vitamin B3 (niacin)

66
Q

Vitamin deficiency causing megaloblastic anemia

A

Vitamin B9 (folate), B12

67
Q

Vitamin deficiency causing pernicious anemia

A

Vitamin B12

68
Q

Vitamin deficiency causing Bitot’s spots, keratomalacia, xerophthalmia

A

Vitamin A

69
Q

Vitamin deficiency causing osteomalacia

A

Vitamin D

70
Q

Vitamin deficiency causing rickets

A

Vitamin D

71
Q

Vitamin used to treat acne

A

Vitamin A

72
Q

Vitamin used to treat psoriasis

A

Vitamin A

Topical vitamin D (calcipotriene)

73
Q

Vitamin deficiency resulting from kidney disease

A

Vitamin D

74
Q

Vitamin given prophylactically to newborns

A

Vitamin K

75
Q

Vitamin used to elevate HDL and lower LDL

A

Vitamin B3 (niacin)

76
Q

Vitamin deficiency caused by isoniazid use

A

Vitamin B6

77
Q

Vitamin w/ cobalt

A

Vitamin B12

78
Q

Vitamin requiring intrinsic factor for absorption

A

Vitamin B12

79
Q

Vitamin involved in hydroxylation of prolyl residues

A

Vitamin C

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