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Holy Grail Docs > Revision powerpoint - Resp > Flashcards

Revision powerpoint - Resp Flashcards

1
Q

common causes of epiglottitis?

A

haemophilus influenza

strep

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2
Q

what causes whooping cough?

A

bordetella pertussis

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3
Q

name 5 atypical pneumonia causes

A 
legionella
mycoplasma
coxiella burnetti
chlamydia psittaci
chlamydia pneumonia
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4
Q

who gets mycoplasma pneumonia?

A

children and young adults

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5
Q

how is chlamydia pneumonia contracted?

A

person to person spread

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6
Q

how is legionella pneumonia confirmed?

A

urine antigen testing

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7
Q

what are the signs of epiglottitis?

A

acute onset
drooling
croup
difficulty swallowing etc

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8
Q

what are the signs of whooping cough?

A

paroxysmal cough
inspiratory whoop
residual cough (months)

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9
Q

how is whooping cough treated?

A

antibiotics if cough <21 days (most effective under 7 days)

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10
Q

describe mycobacterium tuberculosis

A

thick waxy coat

acid/alcohol fast bacilli

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11
Q

what organism causes bronchiolitis?

A

90% due to RSV

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12
Q

what virus causes croup/laryngotracheobronchitits?

A

parainfluenza virus (types 1 or 3)

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13
Q

influenza A causes an epidemic and influenza B causes a pandemic, true or false?

A

false
influenza A causes pandemic due to antigenic shift
influenza B causes epidemic due to antigenic drift

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14
Q

how is RSV/bronchiolitis confirmed?

A

lab confirmation via PCR

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15
Q

what are the features of croup (viral laryngotracheobronchitis)?

A

stridor

barking cough

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16
Q

how is croup treated?

A

corticosteroids + inhaled epinephrine in severe cases

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17
Q

what causes pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP)?

A

pneumocystis jirovecci

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18
Q

how is pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) treated?

A

co-trimoxazole or pentamidine

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19
Q

who is more likely to contract aspergillus fumigatus and what might this cause?

A

immunocompromised
can cause pneumonia and invasive disease
In normal people can cause aspergilloma (chest cavitation)

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20
Q

how is aspergillus fumigatus treated?

A

amphotericin B, vorconazole

possible surgery

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21
Q

what might be used to diagnose TB?

A 
ZN stain
mantoux test
gamma interferon test
sputum culture
bronchoscopy
PCR
CXR
Tuberculin test
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22
Q

how is a pneumothorax/tension pneumothorax diagnosed?

A 
normal = CXR - expiratory film looking for lack of lung markings, check ABGs
Tension = no time for X ray
23
Q

if pneumothorax is small and asymptomatic does it need treatment?

A

no

24
Q

treatment for large, tension or trauma/ventilation induced pneumothorax?

A

high flow oxygen

needle decompression - large bore venflon 2nd intercostal space mid clavicular line

25
Q

pink frothy sputum?

A

pulmonary oedema

26
Q

what can cause pulmonary oedema?

A 
usually heart failure
high altitude
ARDS
kidney failure
lung damage
27
Q

how is pulmonary oedema diagnosed?

A

CXR
ECG
ECHO
pulse oximetry

28
Q

treatment for pulmonary oedema?

A

treat cause
oxygen
diuretic (furosemide)
nitrates

29
Q

what are the classifications of PE?

A

massive with shock or syncope
major with right ventricular dysfunction
major with normal right ventricle
minor

30
Q

name some signs of a PE?

A 
tachypnoea
hypotension
tachycardia
cardiorespiratory arrest
fourth heart sound
pleural rub
oligma and consolidation on CXR
sings of pleural effusion
accentuated 2nd heart sound
31
Q

PE causes a metabolic alkalosis, true or false?

A

false

causes a respiratory alkalosis

32
Q

how is each classification on PE treated?

A

minor = anticoagulation
Major with normal RV = anticoagulation
Major with RV dysfunction = anticoagulation + thrombolysis
Massive with shock or syncope = thrombolysis or surgery

33
Q

name 6 effects of invading cancer

A 
recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy
pericardium invasion
pleural effusion
pancoast tumour
distended external jugular vein
chest wall invasion
34
Q

what may result from a tumour invading the pericardium?

A 
breathlessness
AF
pericardial effusion
oesophageal invasion
dysphagia
35
Q

what is a pancoast tumour?

A

brachial plexus invasion causing weakness and muscle wasting in the hand

36
Q

how could a cancer cause a distended external jugular vein?

A

tumour may invade the SVC obstructing drainage of blood from arms and head causing it to back up into the external jugular

37
Q

how might a distended external jugular vein present?

A

puffy eyelids

headache

38
Q

which hormone does a small cell carcinoma produce?

A

ACTH

39
Q

which hormone does a squamous cell carcinoma produce?

A

PTH

40
Q

signs of type 1 hypersensitivity?

A 
urticarial
angioedema
asthma
allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis
anaphylaxis
41
Q

give some clinical examples of type 2 hypersensitivity?

A 
blood transfusion reactions
autoimmune haemolytic anaemia
goodpastures syndromes
myasthenia gravis
gullian barre syndrome
graves disease
pemphigus vulgaris
42
Q

what organisms cause farmer’s lung?

A

aspergillus fumigatus

micropolyspora faeni

43
Q

SLE is an example of a type III hypersensitivity, true or false?

A

true
antibodies produced against contents of cell nuclei
form complexes deposited in small vessels in skin, joints and kidney (ya girl selena)

44
Q

what mediates type 4 hypersensitivity?

A

T cells
primed during initial sensitisation
activated after another exposure, recruiting other WBCs resulting in release of proteolytic enzymes and persistant inflammation

45
Q

give an example of a type 4 hypersensitivity

A

sarcoidosis
TB
nickel sensitivity

46
Q

give 8 causes of pulmonary fibrosis

A 
bleomycin/berrylium
radiation
extrinsic allergic alveolitis
TB
Sarcoidosis
Ideopathic
Ankylosing spondylitis
asbestosis
47
Q

ground glass appearance on CXR?

A

pulmonary fibrosis

respiratory distress syndrome of newborn

48
Q

what is samter’s triad?

A

asthma
nasal polyps
salicylate sensitivity
= aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD)

49
Q

what organism causes mucoid sputum?

A

chlamydia psittachi

50
Q

where do cannonball metastases normally originate from?

A

kidney

51
Q

snow storm appearance on x ray?

A

baritosis

silicosis

52
Q

where in the lung to small cell and squamous cell cancers affect?

A

centrally

53
Q

apical lesion?

A

assmann focus

54
Q

swinging fever, copious foul smelling sputum?

A

lung abscess

Holy Grail Docs (39 decks)

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