OCF

Question 1

Stall + Yaw =

Answer 1

OCF - The moment in time when unexpected results occur from normal control inputs

Question 2

Static Directional Stability

Answer 2

Can be positive, neutral or negative tendency to return to equilibrium after disturbance in horizontal plane

Question 3

The 5 phases of OCF are?

Answer 3

Stall
Departure
Post-Departure Gyrations
Incipient Phase of Spin
Steady-State Spin

Question 4

A stall occurs when?

Answer 4

When an increase in AOA produces a reduction in lift and an increase in drag.

Wing stalls when boundary layer separates from upper surface of wing.

Question 5

Clean Stall Indications

Answer 5

Warning at 21.5 units / 10kts prior
Buffet at 25 units / 1-2kts prior
Stall at 26 units / 0kts prior

Question 6

Takeoff Configuration Stall Indications

Answer 6

Warning at 21.5 units
Buffet onset at 26-27 units
Stall at 29-30 units

Question 7

Approach Stall Indications

Answer 7

Warning at 21.5 units / 10kts prior
Buffet at 28 units / 1kt prior
Stall at 29-30 units / 0kts prior

Question 8

Emergency Flap Stall Indications (stall airspeed 9-11kts greater than approach stall)

Answer 8

Warning at 21.5 units
No stall warning
Stall at 23-25 units
**Very disorienting, abrupt roll-off

Question 9

Departure Definition

Answer 9

Departure is when aircraft transitions from controlled to uncontrolled flight or the moment when normal control inputs stop working or airspeed <85kts

CNATRA definition: Any time aircraft rolls uncommanded through 90°AOB following stall

Question 10

Post Departure Gyration

Answer 10

Random/uncontrolled motions of aircraft about any axis after departure but before incipient phase

Question 11

Incipient Phase

Answer 11

Initial phase characterized by:
Stalled AOA
Rotation in direction of spin
Varying roll, yaw and pitch rates
Average rotation rate slower than steady state

Question 12

Steady State Spin

Answer 12

Final phase (self-sustaining spin) characterized by:
Sustained auto-rotation
Stalled AOA

Question 13

Symptoms of impending departure

Answer 13

Mushy flight controls
Unresponsiveness to control inputs
Buffeting and buffet noise
Wing walk

Question 14

Signs you have departed

Answer 14

Excessive yaw rate
Spinning or tumbling
Decaying airspeed and uncontrollable altitude loss

Question 15

4 instruments to scan

Answer 15

Altimeter – time available
AOA – upright or inverted, type of recovery
Airspeed – stable indicates steady state spin
Turn needle – pegged in direction of spin

Question 16

Upright Spin: Aircraft rolls and yaws in the same direction

Answer 16

Upright spin = stalled AOA + yaw

Question 17

Inverted Spin: Aircraft rolls and yaws in opposite directions

Answer 17

Inverted spin = negative stalled AOA + yaw

Question 18

Recovery occurs in exact opposite order of OCF progression. Use anti-spin controls to bring you from steady state spin to:

Answer 18

Incipient spin (AOA/needle pegged, speed oscillating)
Post-stall gyrations (AOA/needle/speed oscillating)
Departure (No response to control inputs)
Stall (AOA above stall)
Recovery (Controls neutral)

Question 19

2 steps to recover

Answer 19

Reduce yaw rate

Reduce angle of attack

Question 20

Progressive Spin: Occurs when aircraft enters second spin immediately following recovery from first spin.

Answer 20

Direction of rotation normally opposite original spin
May result from holding in anti-spin inputs after rotation stops, holding in aft stick during recovery, or initiating recovery pullout with insufficient airspeed or excessive AOA

Question 21

High Speed Spiral: Not a spin. Characterized by…

Answer 21

Nose low attitude
High roll rates
Minor yaw rates
AOA not pegged
Airspeed increasing
Turn needle in direction of roll/yaw

Question 22

Pilot factors in OCF

Answer 22

Time distortion: perceived to be passing 5x faster than it really is
G-force distortion: unreliable “seat of pants” cues. You must disregard perceived G forces and trust your instruments
Control inputs: You must position all controls deliberately and visually check all controls for correct position

Question 23

The two most important procedures to remember are?

Answer 23

NEUTRALIZE – IDLE

Question 24

Accelerated Stall

Answer 24

Stalls entered with load factor >1G

Question 25

Directional Departure

Answer 25

Caused by excessive or abrupt rudder application at low/moderate airspeeds. Limited stall warning.

Question 26

Vertical Maneuvering Departures

Answer 26

> 90° pitch abruptly forward
<90° nose falls slightly backward
Avoid maneuvering within 20 degrees of vertical <100kts to prevent tail slide

Question 27

Three inverted spin modes

Answer 27

• 60° AOA: 50-120kts, 1000ft loss, 3-4s spin rate
• 40° AOA: 100-160KTS, 1000ft loss, 3-4s spin rate
• 25° AOA: 140-200, 1700ft loss, 3-4s spin rate

Question 28

Two upright spin modes

Answer 28

30° AOA: 150kts or greater/+10kts in turn, 1250ft loss, 6s spin rate
45° AOA: 100-110kts, 1000ft loss, 4s spin rate

Question 29

Recovery from inverted spin

Answer 29

Full opposite rudder and lateral for -40 and -60 modes
Lateral stick pro-spin for -25 mode
Failure to neutralize lateral stick with airspeed increasing past 160kts may result in entry into the -25 AOA spin mode and delay recovery

Question 30

Departure Checklist

Answer 30

Stall/Aero Checklist – Complete
Lap belts – tighten
Visor – down
Rudder pedals – adjust aft for full throw
Harness – locked
Landing gear, flaps/slats – up, Boards – in
Batt switches – On
Control aug – SBI
Altimeter, AOA, airspeed, turn needle – check operation
ICS – Hot mic
Throttle friction – Set
Departure checklist complete

Question 31

Post-Departure Checklist

Answer 31

Control AUG – All

Question 32

Deep Stall Characteristics

Answer 32

Increasingly heavier buffeting as stall deepens
Yaw rate
Increasing sink rate
Wing drop
Reduced lateral control

Question 33

Low airspeed departures

Answer 33

Occur any time airspeed is so low that aerodynamic forces are negligible and aircraft is functionally ballistic. Can occur above 0kts and in any nose-high attitude. Any lateral stick input at zero airspeed will introduce yaw rate

You will not initiate any low-airspeed departures within 20° of pure vertical

Question 34

70° Nose High Departure

Answer 34

300kts, >14k
15-17 unit pull to 70°, power idle below 150kts
As aircraft departs, perform OCF procedures
Airspeed 0kts, nose falling
Recover at 150 to nearest horizon

Question 35

110° Nose High Departure

Answer 35

350kts, >14k
15-17 unit pull to 110°, power idle below 150
As aircraft departs, OCF procedures

Question 36

90° Nose High Departure

Answer 36

Same as 110° just wait for nose to get 90° nose low

Recover at 150

Question 37

Pedal Turns

Answer 37

Clean, >18k, CONTR AUG in ALL
Slow to 21-22 AOA
MRT, hold 21-22
30° AOB turn using rudder only then reverse
Slow to 26 units
Rudder and aileron, attempt turns in both directions until departure

Question 38

Wing Walk

Answer 38

An unintentional maneuver during approach, waveoff or takeoff where very high AOA and pitch attitude will result in loss of horizontal stab authority. The wing is positioned in a stall condition and the aircraft is kept aloft by the thrust vector. Ailerons or elevators remain marginally effective resulting in wing walk.