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Chemistry A Level > Organic Reactions > Flashcards

Organic Reactions Flashcards

1
Q

Alkane -> haloalkane

A

+ Halogen + UV/300 degrees
Radical substitution
Product = hydrogen halide

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2
Q

Alkene -> Alkane

A

+ H2 (g) + Ni catalyst

EA

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3
Q

Alkene -> haloalkane

A

H halide

EA

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4
Q

Alkene -> primary alcohol

A

+ H2O (g) + H3PO4 cat

EA

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5
Q

Primary alcohol -> alkene

A

c.H3PO4 + reflux
Dehydration/elimination
Product = H2O

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6
Q

Primary alcohol -> aldehyde

A

+ [O] + distill

Oxidation

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7
Q

Aldehyde -> COOH

A

+ [O] (excess) + reflux

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8
Q

Aldehyde -> primary alcohol

A

NaBH4 + H2O + warm
2[H]
Reduction
Product = -OH

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9
Q

Primary alcohol -> haloalkane

A

H halide + reflux
Substitution
Product = H2O

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10
Q

Haloalkane -> primary alcohol

A

+ -OH + reflux

NS

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11
Q

Secondary alcohol -> ketone

A

[O] + reflux

Oxidation

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12
Q

Ketone -> secondary alcohol

A

NaBH4 + H2O + warm
2[H]
Reduction
Product = -OH

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13
Q

Haloalkane -> primary amine

A

c.NH3 (ex) + NaOH + ethanol solvent

NS

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14
Q

Primary amine -> secondary amine

A

+ haloalkane + NaOH

NS

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15
Q

Haloalkane -> Nitrile

A

NaCN + ethanol
NS
Product = Na Halide

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16
Q

Aldehyde/ketone -> hydroxynitrile

A

NaCN + H2SO4
NA
Product = NaOH

17
Q

Nitrile -> primary amine

A

+ 2H2 + Ni catalyst

Reduction

18
Q

Nitrile -> COOH

A

2H2O + dilute HCl + heat
Hydrolysis
Product = NH4Cl

19
Q

COOH -> acyl chloride

A

+ SOCl2 + reflux

Product = SO2(g) + HCl (g)

20
Q

Acyl chloride -> COOH

A

+ H2O

Product = HCl (g)

21
Q

COOH -> Ester

A

+ alcohol + c.H2SO4 + reflux
Esterification
Product = H2O

22
Q

Ester -> COOH + Alcohol

A

+ dilute aq acid (H2O is main reactant) + reflux

Acid hydrolysis

23
Q

Acyl Chloride -> Ester

A

+ alcohol
Acylation
Product = HCl

24
Q

Acyl chloride -> primary amide

A

+ c.2NH3 + RTP

Product = NH4Cl

25
Q

Acyl chloride -> secondary amide

A

+ primary amine

Product = R - NH3+ Cl-

26
Q

Ways to make a haloalkane

A

1) alkene + halogen + UV/300
2) alkene + H halide
3) Primary alcohol + H halide + reflux

27
Q

Ways to make a primary alcohol

A

1) alkene + steam + H3PO4
2) aldehyde + NaBH4 + H2O
3) haloalkane + -OH + reflux

28
Q

How to make a primary amine

A

1) Haloalkane + c.NH3(excess) + NaOH + ethanol

2) nitrile + 2H2 + Ni

29
Q

How to make a nitrile

A

1) Haloalkane + NaCN + ethanol

2) carbonyl + NaCN + H2SO4 (hydroxynitrile)

30
Q

How to make a COOH

A

1) primary alcohol + excess [O] + reflux
2) Nitrile + 2H2O + dilute HCl + heat
3) acyl chloride + H2O
4) Ester + dilute aq acid + reflux

31
Q

How to make an acyl chloride

A

COOH + SOCl2 + reflux

32
Q

How to make an Ester

A

1) COOH + alcohol + c.H2SO4 + reflux

2) acyl chloride + alcohol

33
Q

How to make a primary amide

A

Acyl chloride + c.2NH3 + RTP

34
Q

How to make a secondary amide

A

Acyl chloride + primary amine

Chemistry A Level (25 decks)

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