Chapter 12 Flashcards

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1
Q

social psychology

A

how people influence other people’s thoughts, feelings, and actions

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2
Q

reciprocity and transitivity

A

reciprocity- I scratch your back you scratch mine

transitivity- if you dislike someone I will also dislike them

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3
Q

outgroup homogeneity effect

A

people view outgroup members as less varied

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4
Q

social identity theory

A

in-groups consist of individuals who perceive themselves to be of the same social category/experience pride bc of it

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5
Q

in-group favoritism

A

more likely to distribute resources to in-group members. Not relevant but mPFC is important for thinking about in-groups

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6
Q

social facilitation

A

presence of others generally enhances performance, but specifically does it if the preferred response is a dominant response instead of a novel one

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7
Q

deindividuation

A

people are not self aware and not paying attention to their personal standards bc they’re in a group

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8
Q

group polarization

A

if most of the group members are somewhat cautious, the group becomes even more cautious and vice versa (initial attitudes become more extreme)

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9
Q

groupthink

A

tendency of groups to make bad decision for the sake of keeping the group together under stressful situations, especially when its biased

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10
Q

social loafing

A

people work harder alone than in a group

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11
Q

normative influence

A

people go along with the crowd to fit in and avoid looking foolish

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12
Q

informational influence

A

people assume the behavior of the crowd is the right one

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13
Q

social norms

A

expected standards of conduct, people follow them even when they are obviously wrong

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14
Q

compliance

A

tendency to agree to fulfill others’ requests

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15
Q

foot in the door effect

A

if people agree to a small request, they become more likely to comply with a large request (opposite is door in the face, where people are more likely to agree to a small request after they have refused a large one)

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16
Q

obedience

A

following orders of authority

17
Q

aggression

A

behavior with intention to harm others, triggered by many negative emotions, especially being rejected from a group. MAOA gene makes you more susceptible to engaging in violence

18
Q

prosocial behaviors

A

actions that benefit others

19
Q

altruism

A

provided help even without any apparent reward

20
Q

inclusive fitness

A

people are altruistic toward those with whom they share genes

21
Q

bystander intervention effect

A

failure to offer help when other people are present. occurs because of diffusion of responsibility, fear of social blunders, ability to remain anonymous, ambiguity of the situation, and how much trouble it would be for them

22
Q

attitudes

A

people’s evaluations of objects, events, or ideas

23
Q

mere exposure effect

A

people are more likely to have positive attitudes of things they are familiar with

24
Q

explicit vs implicit attitudes

A

ones you can report vs the ones you actually act on

25
Q

cognitive dissonance

A

contradiction between two attitudes or between an attitude and a behavior. One subtype is post decisional, like with hazing (you justify an action afterwards)

26
Q

persuasion

A

active and conscious effort to change an attitude through transmission of a message

27
Q

attributions and their types

A

explanations for events or behaviors. Personal attribution is attributing people’s behavior to their internal characteristics, whereas situational attributions attribute it to external events

28
Q

fundamental attribution error

A

people tend to overemphasize personal traits over situational factors when explaining behavior (the reverse occurs when they are attributing their own behavior)

29
Q

prejudice

A

negative feelings, opinions, and beliefs associated with a stereotype

30
Q

discrimination

A

inappropriate treatment of people as a result of prejudice