Additional Unit 3 Stuff

Question 1

subcortical vs neocortical

Answer 1

subcortical is “hot”, heuristic, automatic. Neocortical is controlled, analytical

Question 2

species expected vs dependent development

Answer 2

expected has to occur during a specific period in order for normal development (vision), dependent is specific skills that can be learned at any time (driving)

Question 3

progression of attachment

Answer 3

1. asocial (0-6 weeks) don’t really care about anyone
2. indiscriminate (6 weeks-6 months) very social with anyone, no separation anxiety
3. specific attachment (7-9 months) just to primary caregivers
4. multiple attachment (9+ months)

Question 4

attachment theory

Answer 4

it evolved as an evolutionary adaptation because it is good for children to have a secure base so they can explore their environment

Question 5

4 types of child attachment

Answer 5

1. securely attached
2. anxious/avoidant AKA insecure/avoidant (aloof, don’t care)
3. anxious resistant AKA insecure/ambivalent (doesn’t explore, upset, not soothed and resists contact when mom comes back)
4. disorganized (confused approach, sometimes approaches and sometimes doesn’t, often occurs in abused children)

Question 6

4 types of adult attachment

Answer 6

1. secure: comfortable depending on others
2. fearful-avoidant: difficult to trust others, nervous when anyone gets too close
3. dismissive-avoidant: comfortable without close emotional relationships, likes to feel independent
4. anxious-preoccupied: worries that partner doesn’t love them, would like to merge completely with a person

Question 7

how do the child styles of attachment line up to the adult styles

Answer 7

secure as kids–> secure as adults
anxious resistant–> anxious/preoccupied
anxious avoidant–> either dismissive avoidant or fearful avoidant

Question 8

problem of circular reasoning in personality traits

Answer 8

the traits and the behavior are circular, traits don’t really tell us anything new

Question 9

dopamine hypothesis

Answer 9

schizophrenia is caused by too much dopamine. antipsychotic medications BLOCK dopamine receptors and help with positive symptoms

Question 10

glutamate hypothesis

Answer 10

reduced function of glutamate receptors are the true cause. of schizophrenia.

Question 11

challenges in studying therapy

Answer 11

ethics, probably low external validity, can’t be double blind, hard to measure DV’s, hard to measure long-term effects

Question 12

best treatments for certain disorders (panic, depression, specific phobias, agoraphobia, and anxiety)

Answer 12

panic/depression: cognitive behavioral

phobias: systematic desensitization
agoraphobia: flooding plus medication
anxiety: transcendental meditation

Question 13

when does most personality change occur

Answer 13

early adulthood (ages 20-40)

Question 14

what causes most personality changes

Answer 14

significant life events

Question 15

why are personality disorders so difficult to treat

Answer 15

they are difficult to engage in therapy because they believe their problems are caused by their environments, not their actions