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Human Anatomy > Chapter 12: Nervous System Final > Flashcards

Chapter 12: Nervous System Final Flashcards

1
Q

Two Subdivisions of the Nervous System

A

Central Nervous System

Peripheral Nervous System

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2
Q

Central Nervous System(CNS)

A

Brain and Spinal cord

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3
Q

Peripheral Nervous System(PNS)

A

Nerves and Gangila

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4
Q

Nervous System Process

A

Receive information
Transmit coded messages
Process information
Issue commands

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5
Q

Two Divisions of Nervous System

A

Sensory

Motor

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6
Q

Sensory Division

A

Somatic

Visceral

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7
Q

Motor Division

A

Effectors

Somatic

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8
Q

Universal Properties of Neurons

A

Excitability(irritability)
Conductivity
Secretion

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9
Q

Sensory Neurons

A

detect stimuli

Transmit information about them to CNS

begin in every organ in the body and end in CNS

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10
Q

Interneurons(association neurons)

A

lie entirely in CNS
Receive signals and carry out integrative functions

90%

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11
Q

Motor(efferent) neuron

A

send signals out to muscles and gland cells

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12
Q

Soma

A

control center of neuron

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13
Q

Dendrites

A

vast number of branches coming from a few thick branches from the soma

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14
Q

Axon(nerve fiber)

A

originates from a mound on one side of the soma

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15
Q

Multipolar Neuron

A

one axon and multiple dendrites

most in the brain and spinal cord

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16
Q

Bipolar Neuron

A

one axon and one dendrite

olfactory cells, retina, inner ear

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17
Q

Unipolar Neuron

A

single process leading away from the soma

sensory from skin and oran to spinal cord

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18
Q

Anaxonic Neuron

A

many dendrites but no axon

help in visual processes

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19
Q

Functions of glial cells

A

Support and Protect Neurons

bind neurons

20
Q

Types of Neurongila that occur in the CNS

A

Oligodendrocytes
Ependymal cells
Microglia
Astrocytes

21
Q

Types Occur in the PNS

A

Schwann Cells

Satellite Cells

22
Q

Myelin Sheath and what it is formed by

A

insulating layer around a nerve fiber

formed by oligodendrocytes in CNS

Schwann cells in PNS

23
Q

Local Potentials

A

distribution in membrane potential when a neuron is initially stimulated

24
Q

Action Potential

A

more dramatic change produced by voltage-regulated ion gates in the plasma membrane

25
Q

Refractory Period

A

the period of resistance to stimulation

26
Q

Absolute refractory period

A

no stimulus- will trigger AP in Na gates are open

action potential to RMP

27
Q

Relative Refractory Period

A

only especially strong stimulus will trigger new AP

28
Q

Neural Integration

A

The ability of your neurons to process information , store and recall it, and make decisions

29
Q

Excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP)

A

any voltage change in the direction of the threshold that makes a neuron more likely to fire

30
Q

Inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP)

A

any voltage change away from threshold that makes a neuron less likely to fire

31
Q

Summation

A

the process of adding up postsynaptic potentials and responding to their net effect

32
Q

Two types of Summation

A

Temporal

Spatial

33
Q

Neural Coding

A

way the nervous system convert information to a pattern of action potential

34
Q

Difference between Qualitative and Quantitative information

A

qualitative info based of which neurons fire

Quantitative info is about intensity of stimulus is encoded in two ways

35
Q

Diverging Circuit

A

one nerve fiber branches and synapses with several postsynaptic cells

36
Q

Converging Circuit

A

input from many different nerve fibers can be funneled to one neuron or neuron pool

37
Q

Reverberating Circuits

A

neurons stimulate each other in linear sequence but one cell restimulates the first cell to start the process all over

38
Q

Parallel after-discharge Circuits

A

input neuron diverges to stimulate several chains of neurons

39
Q

Synaptic Plasticity

A

ability of synapses to change

40
Q

Synaptic Potentiation

A

process of making transmission easier

41
Q

Immediate Memory

A

ability to hold something in your thoughts for just a few seconds

42
Q

Short-term memory

A

last from a few seconds to several hours

43
Q

Long-term memory

A

last up a lifetime and is less limited in the amount of information it can store

44
Q

Declarative Memory

A

retention of events and facts that you can put into words

45
Q

Procedural Memory

A

Retention of motor skills

Human Anatomy (19 decks)

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