Chapter 37- Circulatory System

Question 1

Plasma

Answer 1

The first layer of blood in a test tube after centrifuge spins it. Mostly water but also glucose protein and salt

Question 2

Two main proteins in plasma

Answer 2

1. Albumin- 85%

2. Globulin- 15%

Question 3

Four major salts in plasma

Answer 3

Na+, K+, Cl-, HCO3-

Question 4

The Buffy coat of blood in test tube

Answer 4

White blood cells aka leukocytes

Question 5

Two subgroups of leukocytes

Answer 5

1. Granulocytes- fight bacteria

2. Lymphocytes- fight viruses

Question 6

Red blood cells

Answer 6

Biconcave disks that carry oxygen to the cells. On the hemoglobin that are made up of iron there can be four oxygen molecules that attach

Question 7

Platelets

Answer 7

Pieces of cells from bone marrow that are responsible for blood clotting when u cut yourself the injured cells release chemicals that make the platelets stick to each other which forms a scab.

Question 8

Thrombin

Answer 8

Fibrous net that platelets stick to

Question 9

Lymphatic system

Answer 9

Drains away interstitial fluid. They’re tubes with lymph nodes. The right and left drain into separate places. The tubes dump the garbage into the blood stream to be cleaned by the spleen

Question 10

Epiglottis

Answer 10

Fold of tissue that acts like a flap. It prevents food fro, going down the airway

Question 11

Alveoli

Answer 11

Sacs of cells filled with arteries and veins where gas exchange occurs across one membrane.

Question 12

Explain how oxygen and carbon dioxide Go from air to feels and cells to air

Answer 12

At the alveoli oxygen binds to hemoglobin which deliver it to the body cells. Those cells make carbon dioxide which then dissolves into the blood in a bicarbonate salt called HCO3-. The blood delivers it back to the alveoli then it converts HCO3 back to CO2

Question 13

Cilia

Answer 13

Tiny hairs that move like wavelike motions inside bronchioles. They pick up dust and other caca that sticks to the lungs and brings it back up to be swallowed or spit out.

Question 14

Emphysema

Answer 14

Mucus kingpin dries up connected with smoking

Question 15

Cystic fibrosis

Answer 15

Genetic defect where lungs always produce mucus

Question 16

Larynx

Answer 16

Controls pitch of voice

Question 17

Pharynx

Answer 17

Area in the back of throat that is apassage for air and food

Question 18

Diaphragm

Answer 18

Contracts when you inhale and sucks air in by vacuum

Question 19

Yawning

Answer 19

Lack of oxygen in bloodstream so mouth opens to increase flow

Question 20

Spirometer

Answer 20

Tool doctors use to measure tidal volume and vital capacity

Question 21

Tidal volume

Answer 21

Amount of air you breathe in or out with a normal relaxed breath

Question 22

Vital capacity

Answer 22

The max amount of space you can use for gas exchange

Question 23

Hyperventilating

Answer 23

Uncontrollable breathing caused by lack of carbon dioxide

Question 24

Two major veins that bring blood back to heart

Answer 24

Vena cava

Question 25

Two major sounds of heart beat

Answer 25

Ventricles and atrium contracting

Question 26

Chordae tendinae

Answer 26

Attaches heart valve

Question 27

Aortic semilunar valves

Answer 27

Go out to aortic arch

Question 28

Why do valves known when to open and close/ how do atrium and ventricles contract

Answer 28

Bc Sino Atrial node which is a ganglion it sends action potential that makes atrium contract. Then that signal goes to another ganglion called AV which is near septum that makes the ventricles contract

Question 29

Ganglion

Answer 29

Bundle of nerve tissues that receive a signal from the brain

Question 30

Arterial blood

Answer 30

Sports with the human heart beat and is bright red. Then the medulla senses that there isn’t enough oxygen so the heart beats faster and u bleed out

Question 31

Heart block

Answer 31

The AV node doesn’t get stimulated and that goes into idle mode where it beats at a slow rate even if they increase the activity so you are lightheaded

Question 32

Heart murmur

Answer 32

Leaky valve when the doctor listens to your heart he tried to hear gurgling around valve occurs when blood goes backwards.

Question 33

Aneurysm

Answer 33

An artery that is ballooning everytime the heart beats ends up bursting in brain

Question 34

Heart attack symptoms

Answer 34

1 pain or pressure
2 nausea
3 light headedness
4 pain in left arm

Question 35

Stents

Answer 35

Treatment for heart attack, go into artery with catheter rice sized thing explodes into wire cage

Question 36

Open heart surgery

Answer 36

Bypass surgery where they cut the sternum in half and pull the rib cage apart. Take vein from leg and attach it below the blockage creating new pathway for blood. They staple sternum back together and it’s painful

Question 37

A fib

Answer 37

Atrial fibrillation nerve problem with SA node it looses its organization. The heart spasms