Nutrition

Question 1

what is metabolism?

Answer 1

refers to all of the chemical reactions that occur in the body

Question 2

explain carbohydrates

Answer 2

substances that provide energy

most important: starch and sugar

Question 3

explain lipids

Answer 3

the building blocks of lipids are fatty acids and glycerol

lipids are hydrophobic (don’t like water)

Question 4

explain a high density lipoprotein

Answer 4

known as ‘good’ cholesterol because it takes cholesterol to your liver to be expelled from the body

Question 5

explain low density lipoprotein

Answer 5

known as ‘bad’ cholesterol, because it takes cholesterol to the arteries where it may collect in the artery walls

Question 6

explain fatty acids

Answer 6

important component of cell membranes

two types: saturated fats and unsaturated fats

Question 7

explain the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats

Answer 7

saturated fats are solid at room temperature - they have no double bond between the molecules (no gaps)
unsaturated fats are liquid at room temperature - they have a double bond between molecules which break up the chain of hydrogen, making gaps

Question 8

explain proteins

Answer 8

essential for growth and repair in the body

sources include: fish, milk and eggs

Question 9

explain protein energy malnutrition (PEM)

Answer 9

specific form of malnutrition arising from the lack of protein

Question 10

explain nutrients

Answer 10

chemical substances in food that body cells use for growth, maintenance and repair
6 main types: water, carbs, lipids, protein, minerals and vitamins

Question 11

explain minerals

Answer 11

include: calcium, potassium, sodium chloride and magnesium

Question 12

explain vitamins

Answer 12

organic materials required in small amounts to maintain growth and normal metabolism
vitamins can be water or fat soluble

Question 13

explain the difference between water and fat soluble vitamins

Answer 13

water soluble: expelled from the body quicker and smaller amounts are stored in the body at one time (eg vitamin C and B12)
fat soluble: stored in oil and fats, stick around in the body for longer (eg vitamins A, D, E and K)

Question 14

what are the 5 food groups?

Answer 14

fruit, vegetables, protein, grains and dairy

Question 15

what is an essential nutrient?

Answer 15

a nutrient that the body cannot make on its own or not to the required amount, therefore it must be provided in the diet

Question 16

how do you work out a persons BMI?

Answer 16

divide the weight (kg) by the height (m)

then divide the answer by height (m) again to get the answer

Question 17

what are non essential amino acids?

Answer 17

they can be made in the body

Question 18

what are non-essential amino acids?

Answer 18

they cannot be made by the body so you require them in your diet