Exam 1 CF: Ch. 3

Question 1

complete set of genes in an organism is a

Answer 1

genome

a genome is c ollection of all an organism’s genes

Question 2

study of how different characteristics are inherited (eye color etc);

Answer 2

genetics

genes control these characteristics; study of can find why mutated gene

Question 3

What is the structure of DNA?

Answer 3

double helix

phos, sugar, nitrogenous base

reverse copies bind by hydrogen bonds
GC AT GC AU

Question 4

What is the structure of a gene?

Answer 4

Genes are a small segment of DNA. THey are contained in chromosomes which is tightly wound DNA around histomes

Question 5

What is transcription?

Answer 5

when DNA is read in the nucleus, a copy is sent by way of mRNA out of the nucleus

Question 6

What is translation

Answer 6

WHen rRNA reads the transcribed mRNA

Question 7

What does tRNA do?

Answer 7

Brings amino acids needed to make protein

Question 8

What is the function of the gene?>

Answer 8

To determine what the cell will become, what you will become (human, male female), and what you will look like is phenotype expression of the gene

Question 9

• Identify the different mechanisms of mutation

Answer 9

o	Acquired (seen in person and their offspring)
o	Inherited (seen in generations before them)
o	In case of injury, DNA --> damaged mRNA  --> misdirected protein synthesis  --> disease process

Question 10

What is genotype?

Answer 10

the tehcnical allelic makeup of a trait.
 Does not concern expression, only pairs

3 genotypes
 Homozygous dominant (BB)
 Homozygous recessive (bb)
 Heterozygous (Bb)

Question 11

What is a phenotype?

Answer 11

o Phenotype – the physical expression of gene
 BB = brown eyes
 Bb = blue eyes

Question 12

What are the three genotypes?

Answer 12

3 genotypes
 Homozygous dominant (BB)
 Homozygous recessive (bb)
 Heterozygous (Bb)

Question 13

What is autosomal recessive?

Answer 13

child must get two recessive genes to have the dieasea (SCD)

Question 14

What is autsomal dominant?

Answer 14

Only one dominant gene is needed,

If two DOMINANT = severe version of the diesease
If one dominant = moderate version of the disease

Question 15

What is sex linked inheritance?

Answer 15

X linked