Lecture 3 - Bone

Question 1

Main growth of bone in length occurs at the _____.

Answer 1

Metaphysis

Question 2

_____ canals are horizontal canals that connect to Haversian canals. The _____ (outer layer of the bone) is both high ______ and innervated.

Answer 2

Volksman canals

Periosteum

Vascularized

Question 3

____, a metalloprotease, is the number one way along with noting the multiply nuclei to identify _____.

Answer 3

TRAP

Osteoclasts

Question 4

Osteoclasts and osteoblasts communicate physically via an _____B2 - ____B4 connection (respectively.) Forward signalling from osteoclast to osteoblast stimulates _____ differentiation and bone matrix _____, while reverse signalling may be responsible for cessation of bone _____ by osteoclasts.

Answer 4

EphrinB2

EphB4

Osteoblast

Deposition

Resorption

Question 5

At the edge of each osteon is a _____ line, which represents the reversal from resorption to formation.

Answer 5

Cement

Question 6

_____-_____ type of damage occurs due to sheering or sliding of lammelar layers.

Answer 6

Cross-Hatching

Question 7

Linear Microcracking damage tends to occur in the ______ space and end at the ____ line. This type of damage was found to be associated with _____ spaces formed following apoptosis of ______.

Answer 7

Interstitial

Cement line

Resorption spaces

Osteocytes

Question 8

Disruption of osteocyte networks from damage to bone results in signaling of osteocytes to their neighbors such that they induce ______ –> this signals for ____ ____ ____ (BMU) which has a “cutting cone” tipped by ______, with _____ behind them to lay down new bone. Keep in mind it’s targeted toward damaged tissue.

Answer 8

Apoptosis

Basic Multicellular Unit

Osteoclasts

Osteoblasts

Question 9

Remember that Osteoid is made up of Type ___ collagen.

Answer 9

Type I

Question 10

The peripheral osteonal lamellae (closest to the cement line) is an area rich in non-______ proteins, and forms an inner lamellar seem where the reversal of ______ to ______ occurs.

Answer 10

non-Collagenous

Resorption to Formation

Question 11

_______ are drugs that work to inhibit osteoclast resorption of bone. This drug binds tightly to ______. When osteoclasts bind to the surface, they ingest some of the drug, leading to _____. The drug also inhibits osteoclast formation of the ruffle _____ (actin ring.) This drug also reduces _____ of cancer to bone.

Answer 11

Bisphosphonates

Hyroxyappetite

Apoptosis

Boarder

Metastases

Question 12

One of the major side effects of Bisphosphonates is atypical _____ (occurring from low impact events.) It was found that osteon ____ (but not density) decreased because of the drug, as did the total number of ______. The latter was shown to be associated with increased bone damage.

Answer 12

Fractures

Size

Osteocytes