Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

module five > Nervous system part one > Flashcards

Nervous system part one Flashcards

1
Q

what is the nervous system?

A

a very fast communication system, which responds to your biological needs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the three main functions of the nervous system?

A
  • gather information (sensation)
  • integrate and analyse information
  • Respond (behave)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The Brain and the spinal cord belong to the ……. nervous system?

A

central

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

the peripheral nerve is in the ……….. nervous system?

A

peripheral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

In the nervous system what are the communicating cells?

A

Neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

In the nervous system what are the supporting cells?

A

Neuroglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Neurons are highly specialised. How do the communicate?

A

by sending nerve impulses (messages) from one body part to another.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Neurons require a constant supply of oxygen and glucose, why?

A

they have extreme longevity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What makes up a neuron?

A
  • Cell body
  • Dendrites
  • Axon
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does the cell body of a neuron contain?

A
  • Ribosomes
  • Rough ER
  • Golgi Apparatus
  • Mitochondria
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the name for clusters of cell bodies in the central nervous system?

A

Nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the name for a cluster of cell bodies along the nerves (peripheral nervous system)?

A

Ganglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the name for bundles of processes in the CNS?

A

Tracts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the name for bundles of processes in the PNS?

A

Nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the two types of processes?

A
  • Dendrites

- Axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the receptive region of the neuron, where signals from other neurons or sensory receptors are received? And what is their structure?

A

Dendrites

- short, tapering, highly branched extensions

17
Q

What does the Axon do?
Where does it begin?
Any long axon is also known as a ……………….?
Axon terminals end in synaptic knobs containing ………..?

A
  • Generates and conducts nerve impulses away from the cell body
  • begins at the Axon Hillock = Trigger zone for nerve impulse
  • nerve fibre
  • neurotransmitters
18
Q

What is a Synpase?

A

the functional junction between two neurons, a neuron and muscle or gland

19
Q

What are neurotransmitters and what do they do?

A
  • are molecules in axon terminals released in response to a nerve impulse (action potential)
  • they send messages on by stimulating or inhibiting the next neuron
20
Q

What is the action potential/ nerve impulse?

A

the electrical impulse generated and conducted along the axon when the neuron is adequately stimulated.

21
Q

In regards to the action potential, what does the movement of the electrical current depend on?

A

it depends on having a difference in voltage across the neuron membrane called the: Resting membrane potential.

22
Q

What is the resting membrane potential?

A

the difference in voltage across the neuron membrane.

23
Q

the resting membrane potential is -70mV why is it that and what does it mean?

A

it is that due to:

  • large negatively charged (anionic A-) proteins stuck inside the neuron
  • Differences in ion concentrations across the membrane
  • The Na+/K+ pump ( pumping 3 Na+ out for every 2 K+ in)
  • It means that the inside of the neuron membrane is 70mV more negative than the outside of the membrane
24
Q

Neurons use changes in membrane potential to send signals and if there is adequate stimulation (reaches threshold) an action potential is generated at the ……..?

A

Axon Hillock

25
Q

After the nerve impulse has ended, removal of neurotransmitters occurs in 3 ways. What are they?

A
  • Diffusion (released in the synaptic cleft and then diffuses away)
  • Enzymatic degradation (broken down by enzymes)
  • Reuptake (returned to presynaptic neuron for recycling)
26
Q

What are the 4 types of Neuroglia in the CNS?

A
  • Astrocytes
  • microglia
  • Ependymal cells
  • Oligodendrocytes
27
Q

What are the 2 types of Neuroglia in the PNS?

A
  • Satellite cells

- Schwann cells

28
Q

What are 4 general functions glial cells?

A
  • surround and support neurons
  • Insulate one neuron from another
  • supply nutrients in order to promote neuron health and growth
  • produce chemicals that guide young neurons to make connections

module five (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions