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Science Biology > Biology 9: Respiration > Flashcards

Biology 9: Respiration Flashcards

1
Q

What is the symbol equation for aerobic respiration (also balanced)?

A

C6H12O6 + 6O2 —-> 6CO2 + 6H2O

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2
Q

Why does the body respond to exercise in this way (increase in heart rate, breathing rate and breath volume)?

A
  • To increase the rate of supply of Glucose and Oxygen to the muscles
  • To increase the rate of removal of Carbon Dioxide from the muscles
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3
Q

How does the body respond to exercise?

A
  • Increase in heart rate
  • Increase in breathing rate
  • Increase in breath volume
  • Increase on the flow of oxygenate blood to the muscles
  • Glycogen stores in the muscles are converted to Glucose for cellular respiration
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4
Q

Where does aerobic respiration take place?

A

-Most reactions take place in the mitochondria of your cells

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5
Q

What does the liver first convert lactic acid into?

A

-Glucose

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6
Q

How is the energy transferred during respiration used?

A

-Used to enable muscles to contract

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7
Q

Why do stores of glycogen change with exercise?

A

-They are converted to Glucose for cellular respiration

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8
Q

What does the hepatic portal vein do?

A

-Carries blood containing digested food from the intestines to the liver

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9
Q

What is the function of glycogen?

A
  • Muscles store Glucose as glycogen
  • Glycogen can be converted back to Glucose to use during exercise
  • The glucose is used in aerobic respiration to transfer the energy needed to make your muscles contract
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10
Q

What is metabolism?

A

-The sum of all the reactions that place in a cell or in the body

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11
Q

What are the 6 most common metabolic reactions?

A
  • Coversion of Glucose to starch, glycogen, and cellulose
  • The formation of lipids from molecule of glycerol and three fatty acids
  • Use of Glucose and Nitrate ions to form amino acids to make proteins
  • The reactions of respiration
  • The reactions of photosynthesis
  • Forming Urea, the breakdown of excess proteins in the liver to form urea for excretion in the urine by the kidneys
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12
Q

What does the liver do with unneeded Glucose?

A

-It stores it as glycogen

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13
Q

Where does anaerobic respiration take place?

A

-In the fluid portion of the Cytoplasm of cells

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14
Q

What are 5 uses of fermentation?

A
  • Yoghurt
  • Alcohol
  • Pickles
  • Bread
  • Fuel
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15
Q

What ways is energy from respiration used by the organism?

A
  • Build up large molecules from smaller ones to make new cell material
  • Break down larger molecules to smaller ones during digestion and within the cell
  • Enable animal muscles to contract so that the animals can move
  • Keep mammals and birds body temp steady when their surroundings are colder than they are
  • Move mineral ions such as nitrates from the soil into root hair cells
  • Convert sugars, nitrates and other nutrients into amino acids, which are built up into proteins
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16
Q

What is an oxygen debt?

A

-The amount of Oxygen needed to break down the Lactic acid to Carbon Dioxide and Water

17
Q

Define aerobic respiration:

A

-A type of respiration in which Oxygen is taken in and Carbon Dioxide and Water are produced

18
Q

What are the metabolic functions of the liver?

A
  • Detoxifying poisonous substances e.g. Ethanol from alcoholic drinks
  • Passing the breakdown products into the blood
  • Breaking down old, worn out blood cells
  • Storing the iron from haemoglobin until it is needed to synthesize more blood cells
19
Q

When is Ethanol and Carbon Dioxide a result of anaerobic respiration?

A

-In plant cells and some microorganisms such as yeast

20
Q

How can you show that Carbon Dioxide is released durobg aerobic respiration?

A
  • Add limewater if it goes cloudy them Carbon Dioxide is present
  • The higher the concentration of Carbon Dioxide, the quicker the limewater goes cloudy
21
Q

What does the hepatic artery do?

A

-Brings oxygenated blood to the liver

22
Q

What is the equation for aerobic respiration?

A

Glucose + Oxygen —-> Carbon Dioxide + Water (+ energy)

23
Q

Why does anaerobic respiration take place?

A
  • If Muscles work hard for a long time, they become fatigued and don’t contract efficiently.
  • If they don’t get enough Oxygen, they will respire Anaerobicallu
24
Q

Why do muscles get tired diring exercise?

A

-Due to the build up pf lactic acid

25
Q

Is aerobic respiration an Exothermic or Endothermic reaction?

A

Cellular respiration is an Exothermic reaction because energy is transferred to he environment

26
Q

What does the hepatic vein do?

A

-Carries blood from the liver on to the heart with levels if food adjusted

27
Q

Explain why respiration is an exothermic reaction?

A

-Because during the process, oxidation of Glucose takes place which generates large amount of heat energy

28
Q

What does the build up of lactic acid in the muscles as a result of anaerobic respiration create?

A

-An Oxygen debt

29
Q

What is the equation for anaerobic respiration?

A

Glucose —-> Lactic acid (+ energy)

30
Q

After the liver converts lactic acid into Glucose what is it then converted into?

A

-Carbon Dioxide and Water using aerobic respiration

31
Q

Fermentation Equation:

A

Glucose —-> Ethanol + Carbon Dioxide (+ Energy)

32
Q

How does the liver help in removing lactic acid?

A

-Blood flowing through the muscles transports lactic acid to the liver where it is converted back to Glucose

33
Q

Define anaerobic respiration:

A

-The incomplete breakdown of Glucose in the absense of Oxygen and aerobic respiration

34
Q

How is the energy transferred by respiration in cells used?

A

-Used by the organism for the continual enzyme-controlled processes of metabolism that synthesise new molecules

35
Q

What is the metabolic rate?

A

-The rate at which metabolism occurs in a living organism

Science Biology (11 decks)

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