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Phase 1 > Public Health 2 > Flashcards

Public Health 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Formula for alcohol units

A

(% of alcohol by volume x amount of liquid in mm) / 1000

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2
Q

What is foetal alcohol syndrome

A

Growth retardation, CNS abnormalities, congenital defects

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3
Q

What are some CAGE questions for alcohol dependancy

A
  1. Ever felt like you should cut down
  2. Been annoyed when people tell you to cut down
  3. Do you feel guilty by how much you drink
  4. Eye opener: Ever had a drink first thing in the morning
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4
Q

What is patient-centred medicine

A

Involves a shift in focus from treatment to care

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5
Q

Reasons for non-compliance

A

(not understanding doctor intructions or patient believes advice won’t help)

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6
Q

What is adherence

A

Acknowledges the importance of patient belief.

Knowledge from health experts should enhance patient knowledge and adherence to recommended medical regime

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7
Q

Define concordance

A

Thinks of patients and doctors as equal in care

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8
Q

What is PICO

A

P - Population (How would i describe this group of patient)
I - Intervention (Which main intervention is of interest)
C - Comparison (Comparing between two interventions)
O - Outcome (What do I hope the intervention will accomplish)

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9
Q

What is the hierarchy of evidence

A

1a - Systematic reviews or meta analysis of RCTs (gold standard)
1b - At least 1 RCT
2a - At least 1 controlled trial without randomisation
2b - At least 1 other type of quasi-experimental study

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10
Q

What is the purpose of critical appraisal

A

To assess and consider validity, reliability and applicability so we can apply results to our own patients

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11
Q

What factors should we tak einto account when critically appraising

A
  1. Stats
  2. Chance
  3. Bias
  4. Confounding factors
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12
Q

Define validity

A

How close to the truth something is

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13
Q

Define reliability

A

How consistent the results are

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14
Q

Define meta-analysis

A

Statistical methods used to analyse and summarise the results of the included studies

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15
Q

What is routine health data

A

Data on population health that is collected on a regular basis

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16
Q

Why is routine health data collected

A
  1. Monitor health of a population
  2. Generate hypotheses on causes of ill-health
  3. Inform planning of services
  4. Evaluate and assess performance of policies and services
17
Q

name three types of qualitative research

A

Interviews
Documentary analysis
Ethnography

18
Q

What is ethnography

A

Emerging oneself in a particular lifestyle or group

19
Q

What are problems associated with qualitative research

A

Crisis of representation: Research can’t capture lived experiences
Reflexivity: Personal interpretations of data
Generalisation
Interactive Kinds: Over-analysis of oneself using existing theories

20
Q

Define a sample

A

A group within a population we are studying

21
Q

What is a population

A

All individuals in which we are interested in

22
Q

What is stratified random sampling

A

Population is divided into groups and then randomly sampled within those groups

23
Q

What is convenience sampling

A

Non-random process looking at all patients available at a particular point in time

24
Q

Define standard error

A

Standard deviation of all sample means

25
Q

Why is standard error used

A

Used as an estimate of precision (estimates how far from the true value the sample estimate is)

26
Q

Where is the 95% confidence interval found

A

1.96 SE above and below the mean

27
Q

Formula for test statistic

A

Observed value - hypothesised value / Standard error of the hypothesised value

28
Q

Why do we need a test statistic

A

To reduce data into a single value

29
Q

Define a p value

A

Probablility of obtaining the test statistics from the data, assuming the null hypothesis is true

30
Q

What is the ‘power of a study’

A

rejecting the null hypothesis when it is actually true

Phase 1 (30 decks)

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