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Year 8- Science > The Periodic Table > Flashcards

The Periodic Table Flashcards

1
Q

State one way pf sorting the elements in the periodic table?

A

Metals and non-metals

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2
Q

Where are metals on the periodic table?

A

On the periodic table the metals are on the left side of the stepped line

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3
Q

Where are non-metals on the periodic table?

A

On the periodic table the non-metals are on the right side of the stepped line

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4
Q

What are the properties of a typical metal (when solid)?

A

Good conductor of electricity and heat, shiny, high density(heavy for its size), malleable(be hammered into shapes), ductile (able to pull into wire), sonorous (ringing sound when hit)

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5
Q

What are the properties of a typical non-metal (when solid)?

A

Poor conductor of electricity and heat, dull, low density (light for its size), brittle (breaks easily), non sonorous

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6
Q

Do most metals have high or low melting points?

A

Most metals have high melting points. They are usually solid at 20ºC

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7
Q

Do many non-metals have high or low boiling points?

A

Many non-metals have low boiling points. For example, oxygen and chlorine are gases at 20ºC

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8
Q

What are metalloids?

A

The elements near the stepped line are metalloids. Their properties are between those of metals and non-metals.

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9
Q

What are physical properties of elements?

A

Physical properties are things you can observe and measure from an element

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10
Q

What are chemical properties of elements?

A

Chemical properties describe chemical rections.

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11
Q

What is the product when many metals and non-metals react with oxygen?

A

The products are oxides:

Metal: Magnesium+oxygen=magnesium oxide

Non-metal: Sulfur+oxygen=sulfur dioxide

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12
Q

What do many non-metal oxides form when they dissolve in water at 20ºC?

A

They dissolve in water to form acidic solutions

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13
Q

How are acidic gases formed?

A

They are formed when some fuels burn

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14
Q

How is acid rain formed?

A

When acidic gases dissolve in rain which makes rain acidic. This can make lakes acidic and can damage trees.

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15
Q

Describe the difference between metal oxides and non-metal oxides?

A

Most Metal oxides are solids at 20ºC whereas many non-metal oxides are gases at 20ºC. When metal oxides dissolve in water they form alkaline solutions whereas non-metals for acidic solutions when they dissolve in water

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16
Q

What are vertical columns called in the periodic table?

A

Groups

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17
Q

How are elements in a group similar?

A

The elements in a group have similar properties. Going down a group, there is a pattern in the properties such as melting points, boiling points, and density.

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18
Q

What is density?

A

Density is how much mass something has for its volume.

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19
Q

What is the name given to horizontal rows in the periodic table?

A

Periods

20
Q

How are elements in a period similar?

A

Going across a period, there are patterns in the properties of the elements.

21
Q

Where is group one on the periodic table?

A

It is the column on the far left of the periodic table.

22
Q

How are group ones like every other metals?

A

They are good conductors of electricity and heat. They are shiny when freshly cut.

23
Q

In which ways are group 1 elements like other metals?

A

They are good conductors of electricity and heat. They are shiny when freshly cut.

24
Q

In which ways are group 1 elements different to other metals?

A

Group 1 elements have lower melting points than other metals.

25
Q

Are group 1 known as the alkaline metals?

A

Yes

26
Q

What two patterns in physical properties do group 1 elements have?

A

Both the melting point and the boiling point decreases from top to bottom of group 1.

27
Q

Are group 1 elements reactive, and what does reactive mean?

A

The group 1 elements are very reactive. This means that they easily take part in chemical reactions.

28
Q

What is the chemical property of all the group 1 elements?

A

All group 1 elements have exciting reactions with water.

29
Q

Name the gas produced when group 1 elements react with water and what does it do to the elements ?

A

The reaction makes hydrogen gas. The gas moves the reacting element around on the water.

30
Q

What colour does the universal indicator turn when the reaction between group 1 elements and water takes place?

A

The reactions also make alkaline solutions, so the universal indicator turns purple.

31
Q

Do the reactions with water and group 1 elements get more vigorous going up or down the group?

A

There is a pattern in the reactions. They all produce hydrogen and metal hydroxide. The reactions get more vigorous going down the group.

32
Q

What are the elements in group 1?

A

lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), cesium(Cs), and francium (Fr)

33
Q

What are the elements in group 7?

A

Fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I), astatine (At)

34
Q

What are the group 7 elements called?

A

The halogens

35
Q

Are group 7 elements metals or non-metals?

A

Non-metals

36
Q

What are the properties of group 7 elements (halogens)?

A

They have low melting points, like most non-metals. They do not conduct electricity. Iodine is a brittle solid at room temperatures.

37
Q

Describe the physical patterns of group 7 elements?

A

In group 7, melting and boiling points increase from top to bottom (increase as you go down). Also the colours of the elements get darker from top to bottom.

38
Q

Describe the chemical patterns of group 7 elements?

A

All group 7 elements are reactive and react with iron and the reactions get less vigorous going down the group. The product from the reaction ends in ‘ide’
E.g iron+chlorine=iron chloride

39
Q

What is a displacement reaction?

A

Displacement reaction is a chemical reaction in which a more reactive element displaces a less reactive element from its compound. Both metals and non-metals take part in displacement reactions.
E.g chlorine+potassium bromide=potassium chloride+bromine
bromine+potassium iodine=potassium bromide+iodine

40
Q

What are the names of the group 0 elements?

A

Helium (He), neon (Ne), argon (Ar), krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe), radon (Rn)

41
Q

What is group 0 also called?

A

The noble gases

42
Q

What are the physical properties of group 0 elements (noble gases)?

A

The noble gases have very low melting and boiling points, like many other non-metals, which increase as you go down the group. They are colourless gases at room temperature. Noble gases glow brightly when high-voltage electricity passes through them

43
Q

Where is group 0 on the periodic table?

A

On the right side of the stepped line, right at the end

44
Q

What are the chemical properties of group 0 elements (noble gases)?

A

Noble gases take part in very few reactions and are said to be unreactive. From top to bottom, the noble gases get slightly more reactive.

45
Q

State the meaning of the word unreactive?

A

Unreactive means that it doesn’t react with anything or only takes part in very few reactions

46
Q

Where do noble gases come from?

A

All noble gases exist in the atmosphere, mixed with other gases. Companies use distillation to separate the: from the air. Helium is also found mixed with natural gas under the ground or sea. It is expensive to separate helium from the mixture.

47
Q

What is the arrangement in the periodic table used for?

A

You can use the arrangement of elements in the periodic table to explain and predict patterns in physical and chemical properties.

Year 8- Science (6 decks)

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