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Year 8- Science > Earth And Space > Flashcards

Earth And Space Flashcards

1
Q

Where does everything we use come from?

A

It comes from the Earth, the air or the oceans.

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2
Q

How many layers is the Earth made up of?

A

The Earth is made up of four layer.

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3
Q

What are the four layers called that the Earth is made up of?

A

Crust, mantle, outer core and inner core.

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4
Q

What is the crust of the Earth?

A

The outer layer is the rocky crust. It is between 8km and 40km thick.

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5
Q

What is the mantle of the Earth?

A

Beneath the crust is the mantle. This is made mostly of solid rock, but it can flow. Very slowly, hotter rock rises and cooler rock sinks.

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6
Q

What is the outer and inner core in the Earth?

A

About halfway to the centre of the Earth is the core. This is mainly iron and nickel. The outer core is liquid. The inner core is solid.

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7
Q

How do scientists learn about the Earth’s structure?

A

Scientists learn about the Earth’s structure by studying shockwaves from earthquakes. They also examine rocks on the surface and under oceans, and materials that volcanoes bring to the surface.

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8
Q

What are the most common elements in the Earth’s crust and the percentage that it takes up?

A

Oxygen(46.4%), silicon(28.2%), aluminium(8.3%), iron(5.6%), calcium(4.2%), sodium(2.4%), magnesium(2.3%), and potassium, titanium and hydrogen take up the last (2.1%)

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9
Q

What is the atmosphere?

A

The atmosphere is a mixture of gases that surround the Earth.

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10
Q

What is the name of the part of the atmosphere closest to the Earth?

A

The part of the atmosphere nearest the Earth is the troposphere. The layer goes up to about 10km above the surface of the the Earth.

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11
Q

What two main elements is the troposphere a mixture of?

A

The troposphere is mainly a mixture of two elements, oxygen and nitrogen. There are smaller amounts of other substances, including argon and carbon dioxide.

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12
Q

What are the most common elements in the troposphere and the percentage that it takes up?

A

Nitrogen(78%), oxygen(21%), argon(1%), carbon dioxide(0.04%)

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13
Q

Give two reasons why carbon dioxide is a vital part of the atmosphere?

A

Without it, plants cannot make their food. Without carbon dioxide, Earth would be too cold for life as we know it.

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14
Q

Name two processes that add carbon dioxide to the atmosphere?

A

Respiration and combustion

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15
Q

What is respiration and how does it add carbon dioxide to the atmosphere?

A

Respiration transfers energy from food in plants and animals. Carbon dioxide is a waster product of respiration.

Glucose+oxygen=carbon dioxide+water

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16
Q

What is combustion and how does it add carbon dioxide to the atmosphere?

A

Combustion fuels such as wood, petrol and methane produce carbon dioxide when burnt.
Methane+oxygen=carbon dioxide+water
Burning fossil fuels adds carbon dioxide to the atmosphere.

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17
Q

Name two processes that remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere?

A

Photosynthesis and dissolving

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18
Q

What is photosynthesis and how does it remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere?

A

Photosynthesis-plants use carbon dioxide and water to make glucose.

                                         Light Carbon dioxide+water----->glucose+oxygen
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19
Q

What is dissolving and how does it remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere?

A

Dissolving-carbon dioxide is dissolved in the oceans to male sedimentary rocks and shells

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20
Q

What does it mean if the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere does not change?

A

If carbon dioxide is added to the atmosphere and removed from it at the same rate, its concentration does not change.

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21
Q

What is the carbon cycle?

A

The carbon cycle shows how carbon dioxide enters and leaves the atmosphere. It also shows how carbon and its compounds enter and leave carbon stores.

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22
Q

What are the carbon stores on Earth?

A

The atmosphere, oceans contain dissolved carbon dioxide, sedimentary rocks such as calcium carbonate, fossil fuels such as coal and oil and natural gases, animals and plants, and soil

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23
Q

What is climate change?

A

Climate change is a long-term change in weather patterns. Increasing amounts of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere cause climate change.

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24
Q

Why is there more carbon dioxide in the air?

A

Every year, more carbon dioxide enters the atmosphere. The extra carbon dioxide is removed at a slower rate than it enters. The concentration of carbon dioxide increases.

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25
Q

How do humans add more carbon dioxide to the atmosphere than is removed?

A

(1) Burning fossil fuels to generate electricity,heat homes,and fuel vehicles.
(2) Cutting down forests, or burning them, to make space for crops or cattle;this is called deforestation. As a result of deforestation there are fewer trees to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere

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26
Q

What is the greenhouse affect?

A

The sun heats the Earth’s surface. The warm Earth produces radiation. Some of the radiation goes back into space. Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere absorbs some of the radiation so it does not go back into space. This makes the Earth warmer than if the radiation went back into space. This is the greenhouse affect.

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27
Q

What is a greenhouse gas?

A

A gas in the atmosphere that traps radiation and stops it escaping to space. An example is carbon dioxide.

28
Q

What is global warming?

A

Extra carbon dioxide has caused an increase in the global average air temperature. This is global warming.

29
Q

Give three impacts of climate change?

A

1) the global average air temperature could increase by 5ºC by the year 2100
2) melting polar ice is making sea levels rise, causing flooding on low-lying coasts.
3) more droughts, heavier rainfall and heatwaves could occur.

30
Q

What could the impacts of climate change mean to animals and crops?

A

These changes may cause some species to become extinct. More frequent droughts will make it harder to grow enough food.

31
Q

What is recycling?

A

Recycling means collecting and processing materials that have been used so that the materials can be used again.

32
Q

Give three examples of recycling materials?

A

1) recycling paper to make new paper.
2) recycling plastic bottles to make fleeces
3) recycling aluminium cans to make aluminium sheets to make more cans.

33
Q

What are the advantages of recycling?

A

1) recycling means resources will last longer
2) recycling uses less energy than using new material.
3) recycling reduces waste and pollution. Extracting aluminium from its ore creates huge amounts of dangerous ‘red must’ waste.

34
Q

What are the disadvantages of recycling?

A

1) Some people think that separating rubbish is a nuisance.

2) The lorries that collect recycling use fuel and create pollution.

35
Q

Can you recycle everything?

A

Some materials are easier to recycle than others. Companies that recycle plastic waste need to separate different sorts of plastics from each other. This is often done by hand, and can take a long time.

36
Q

What is a satellite?

A

an artificial body placed in orbit round the earth or another planet in order to collect information or for communication.

37
Q

What are the two types of satellites?

A

Artificial satellites-made and sent into orbit by humans

Natural satellites-not made by man and instead is a piece of mass that orbits a planet.

38
Q

Give an example of a artificial satellite that orbits the Earth?

A

The international space station (ISS)

39
Q

Give an example of a natural satellite that orbits the Earth?

A

The moon

40
Q

How many planets can most people see with the naked eye and what are they?

A

There are 5 planets that most people can see with the naked eye:
Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn.

41
Q

Where does the Earth and other plantes orbit?

A

The sun

42
Q

What do the planets and the sun form?

A

The solar system.

43
Q

What are comets?

A

A comet is one of the most spectacular sights in the night sky. They are huge snowballs that orbit the sun.

44
Q

What are meteors?

A

Meteors are bits of dust or rock that burn up as they move through the Earth’s atmosphere and produce streaks of light. Any meteor that makes it to the ground is called a meteorite.

45
Q

What is meant by a galaxy?

A

Most of the dots of light that we see are stars in out galaxy. A galaxy is a collection of stars and there are billions of stars in the milky way.

46
Q

What is the Milky Way?

A

The Milky Way is the galaxy that we are in.

47
Q

How long does it take for light to get to us from the sun?

A

Eight minutes.

48
Q

What is tue universe?

A

The Milky Way is just one of the billions of galaxies that make up the universe.

49
Q

What is the solar system made up of?

A

Dour inner planets and four outer planets.

50
Q

What is an ellipse?

A

Each orbit of a planet is shaped like a slightly squashed circle called an ellipse.

51
Q

Where is the asteroid belt in our solar system?

A

Between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter there is an asteroid belt.

52
Q

How many planets are in the solar system and what are they?

A

Eight planets in the solar system:

Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune

53
Q

Hat are the inner planets?

A

Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars are inner planets. They are also terrestrial planets as they are made of rock.

54
Q

What are the outer planets?

A

Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune are the outer planets. They are also the gas plantes as they are made mainly of gases such as hydrogen and helium. They are very cold and much bigger than the inner planets.

55
Q

List the planets in size order starting with the smallest (including the sun)?

A

Mercury, Mars, Venus, Earth, Neptune, Uranus, Saturn, Jupiter and the sun

56
Q

What is the asteroid belt?

A

There are thousands of pieces of rock in the asteroid belt. Some are tiny specs of dust but one is large enough to be called a dwarf planet.

57
Q

How does the Earth spin?

A

The Earth spins on its axis.

58
Q

Describe how you can demonstrate that the Earth is spinning?

A

If you take a photograph over a long time the stars appear to move 8n circles.

59
Q

How long does it take for the Earth to do a full spin on its axis?

A

24 hours. There is a day and night because it spins on its axis.

60
Q

Where does the sun rise and where does it set?

A

The sun rises in the east each morning, reaches it highest point at noon, and then sets in the west each evening.

61
Q

How long does it take for the Earth to do a full orbit around the sun?

A

The Earth moves around the sun once a year. The Earth takes 365.2422 days to orbit the sun. There is an extra day in a leap year every four years.

62
Q

What changes on the Earth during seasons?

A

The height of the sun at noon, average daily temperature, and stars that you see at night all change during seasons.

63
Q

What is a constellation?

A

A group of stars.

64
Q

How long does it take for the moon to orbit the Earth?

A

The moon takes 27 days and 7 hours to orbit the Earth once.

65
Q

List the phases of the moon, starting with a full moon?(the phases of the moon)

A

Full, gibbous, third quarter, crescent, new, crescent, first quarter, gibbous and then back to full.

66
Q

What is a solar eclipse?

A

When the moon comes between the sun and the Earth parts of the Earth become darker, especially in the umbra which is where you see a total solar eclipse. If you are in the penumbra you will see a partial solar eclipse.

67
Q

What is a lunar eclipse?

A

A lunar eclipse happens when the Earth comes between the sun and the moon.

Year 8- Science (6 decks)

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