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Product Design A2 2018 > Questions from past papers > Flashcards

Questions from past papers Flashcards

1
Q

Define ‘iconic design’ and give an example of a product that you believe to be iconic. Why?

A

Iconic - Something that exhibits uniqueness, originality and utility. Something that stands the test of time and sets a benchmark for others to follow.

Mini Cooper - Came about due to restrictions of fuel supply during 1950’s. It displays originality and is a true Brittish icon that influenced a whole new generation of designers.

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2
Q

What is free hand sketching?

A

Displays thoughts and initial ideas exploring concepts. Is quick to produce and uses little equipment.

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3
Q

What are flow charts?

A

These are used to plan the order of which specific processes and procedures need to occur. They provide structure and organisation.

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4
Q

What are orthographic projections?

A

Working drawings to display details necessary such as dimensions.

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5
Q

What is CAD?

A

Development of designs experimenting with changes, they are easy to edit, links to CAM and provides accuracy.

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6
Q

What are prototypes?

A

To create a mock-up prior to production to aid selection of design through physical testing. This saves costs of changes once manufacture is in place.

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7
Q

What are moodboards?

A

Prior to idea generation, they establish the target market / style focus etc. To create image inspiration, suggestions for colour/style.

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8
Q

What are patents? Give an example in your answer.

A

A patent is a set of exclusive rights granted by a intergovernmental organization to an inventor or assignee for a limited period of time. It protects an invention from being used elsewhere without permission. An example of this is the bimetallic thermostat for cordless kettles called Otter Gs.

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9
Q

What is copyright? Give an example.

A

The exclusive and assignable legal right, given to the originator for a fixed number of years, to print, publish, perform, film, or record literary, artistic, or musical material. An example of this is lyrics to songs such as happy birthday.

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10
Q

What are trademarks? Give an example.

A

A symbol, words, image or logos legally registered or established by use as representing a company or product. An example of this is the Apple logo.

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11
Q

What are registered designs? Give an example.

A

The Registered Designs Act 1949 is the current law for the registration of designs and the protection of registered designs in the UK. An example of this is package design for a Strongbow can.

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12
Q

What is legislation? Give an example.

A
  • CE mark for toys
  • BSI kitemark for safety
  • Trading standards issue and product recalls - VW emission scandal
  • General product safety regulations 2005
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13
Q

What are sectional views used for?

A
  • To show hidden components within a product.
  • understand how parts fit together in places not seen from the outside.
  • They are a form of communication used by engineers.
  • Moving parts can be simulated by CAD
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14
Q

What are 3D CAD renderings used for?

A
  • Generating at the end of the design process when selecting a final concept.
  • Used in focus group situations to show the final 3D form.
  • Can be used to make marketing materials prior to final production.
  • Products can be shown in their real environment prior to production.
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15
Q

What are exploded views?

A
  • The viewer can see all components in a product and how they align when being assembled
  • Assembly instructions with exploded drawings so can be interpreted by people all around the world.
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16
Q

What are 1/10th scale models?

A
  • They are used in many situations, production of final concept model for a racing yacht. The production for full scale would be impossible due to costs.
  • Designer can test the production in simulated environmental conditions prior to investing in the real thing.
17
Q

Name the main stages of forming a fibre composite material.

A
  • Forming the mould.
  • Application of release agent.
  • Application of a gel coat with pigment would give a smooth surface in the final product.
  • Application of layers of fibre and resin alternately.
  • Use a rolling process between each layer to remove bubbles.
  • Removing the component from the mould.
  • Removal of excess material.
  • Application of extra layers of fibre in areas requiring reinforcement.
  • The seat side of the product is in contact with the mould giving a high quality finish.
  • Draft angles included for ease of removal.
  • Male/female mould decision.
18
Q

Explain the process of galvanising.

A
  • Steel is cleaned in caustic solution.
  • Rinsing the component.
  • Pickled in acid to remove scale.
  • Rinsing of the component.
  • Flux applies and dried on surface.
  • Steel dipped in molten zinc.
  • Steel is removed and quenched after reaching temperature of molten zinc bath.
19
Q

Name 4 methods of internal defect detection.

A
  • Light (bone china)
  • X-Ray methods (tyres)
  • Gamma ray methods (iron and steel)
  • Ultrasonic testing (sheet, plate and strip materials up to 6mm thick)
20
Q

What is one-off production?

A

The manufacture of a single product/item. This can include large scale projects such as bridges or stadiums, but also includes examples of bespoke furniture or jewellery. They are manufactured by a skilled worker using specialist tools and equipment. This is usually very expensive.

21
Q

What is batch production?

A

When tens, hundreds, or even thousands of the same product are manufactured on a production line. A production line is a chain of manufacturing stages following one another. An example of this is a bicycle. Production lines run for a limited time.

  1. Gears are fitted to frame.
  2. Rear seat is fitted to frame.
  3. Handle bars are fitted.
  4. Rear wheel is fitted.
  5. Front wheel is fitted.
  6. Sprockets fitted.
  7. Mud guards fitted.
22
Q

Name 3 examples of batch production.

A
  • Special edition car
  • Garden bench
  • Batch manufactured socks
  • Batch manufactured table
23
Q

What is continuous production?

A
  • When a product is manufactured 24 hours a day and 365 days a year.
  • This takes place in a semi automated production line. It often involves shifts of workers so manufacturing is non stop.
  • No interruptions.
  • Skilled and unskilled workers.
  • Big investment in machinery.
  • QC at each stage.
24
Q

Give 4 examples of continuous production.

A
  • Food cans
  • Shampoo
  • Popular drinks
  • Oil production
25
Q

Name the ten stages of CIM (Computer Integrated Manufacture).

A
  1. CAD
  2. Prototype manufacture
  3. Computer systems work out most efficient way to manufacture.
  4. Computer systems order necessary materials. ‘Just in time’ is often applied.
  5. CAM (CNC machinery)
  6. QC checks at every stage.
  7. Assembly by robots.
  8. Quality check before distribution to the consumer. Products are bar coded.
  9. Product is automatically moved from store to awaiting lorries.
  10. Financial accounts are updated, bills are chaises up and paid by the computer system.
26
Q

What is remote manufacturing?

A

Designing a product in one country and manufacturing it in the other. An example of this is books.

  1. Author writes a book.
  2. Graphic designer plans the layout.
  3. Author reads final draft.
  4. Book transferred electronically to printers.
  5. Printed abroad.
  6. Shipped back to UK.
  7. Sales are made.
27
Q

Give an example of planned obsolescence.

A

Washing machines in the 1960’s and 1970’s tended to last about 2-3 years before they needed repair / replacing.

The manufacturer supplied replacement parts to increase profit.

This is bad for the environment.

28
Q

What is first generation robotics?

A

The robots respond to a pre-set program and will carry on regardless to any external changes. For example if an egg breaks, it would just continue packing.

29
Q

What is second generation robotics?

A

The robot is fitted with sensors, which are used to feed back information to a central control computer. For example robots replacing steel blanks into a press would first collect the blanks from a pallet. Sensors would be used to ensure the pallet is loaded with blanks. To ensure the blank is being put into the press the correct way round, and to check that it is being pressed correctly.

30
Q

What is third generation robotics?

A

Robots that use sophisticated sensors and computer programming to create ‘artificial intelligence’ (AI). This robot detects changes to the environment as well as modifies its own program and acts in response to the changes. These robots are currently in the experimental stages.

31
Q

What are the three main robot configurations?

A
  • Beam transfer (operate on parallel slides, X and Y axis)
  • Arm (simulates human arm)
  • Automated guide vehicle (AGV) (fork lift without driver)
32
Q

What are the three programming methods?

A
  • Teach pendant (remote control then records)
  • Walkthrough (pull the robot through movements then convert movements into control program)
  • Off-line (virtual reality simulations of a work cell can be used to program a robot and to test the program)
33
Q

What are the drawbacks of using robots?

A
  • Poor mobility and flexibility (humans can work on entirely different tasks one after another)
  • Limited degrees of freedom (humans can work in tight spaces for example fitting dashboard or steering wheel in assembly)
  • High set-up costs
  • Employment issues
34
Q

Name 5 modern manufacturing systems.

A
  • Quick Response Manufacturing - (the organisation of production to manufacture l to customer demand, rather than making items to stock.
  • Electronic Point Of Sale - when a sale is made, it is scanned and informs distributors, warehouses etc. to re-order stock from manufacturer.
  • Just In Time - delivers materials and components needed for production just in time.
  • Kanbans - Piece of paper inside the box of stock. When stock of parts gets low, bar code is scanned and then re-ordered.
  • Telematics - Tracks a product from receipt of sale, through assembly and dispatch.

Product Design A2 2018 (5 decks)

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