Pharm Flashcards
MOA of DPP-4 Inhibitors:
“-liptin”
inhibits the breakdown of incretins that are responsible for increasing glucose dependent insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells and decreasing gastric emptying
MOA of acarbose:
decreases starch and disaccharide absorption in gut
MOA of incretin mimetics:
“-atide”
acts as an incretin to increase glucose dependent insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells
MOA of amylin analogues:
amylin analogue that is secreted with insulin to help regulate glucose absorption by slowing down gastric emptying
Competitive inhibition does what to Km?
increases
Irreversible inhibition doe what to Vmax?
decreases
Competitive inhibition can be overcome by…
adding more substrate to environment so there is more substrate than inhibitor
long term heparin use is associated with:
osteoporosis and alopecia
how does heparin cause osteoporosis:
heparin bind to osteoblasts that cause the release of factors that activate osteoclasts (M-CSF); M-CSF binds RANKL which binds to RANK on osteoclasts promoting genesis
Heparin effects on Aldosterone:
inhibition leading to hyperkalemia
Works by decreasing the amount of VLDL secreted by hepatocytes into the circulation:
Niacin
Blocks lipolysis in adipose tissues, reduces plasma fibrinogen and raises HDL by 30% by reducing lipid transfer of cholesterol from HDL to VLDL
Niacin
Block reabsorption of bile acids by the intestines:
bile acid resins (cholestyramine, colestipol, colesevelam)
blocks the reabsorption of cholesterol at small intestine:
ezetimbe
increasing amount of LPL in the blood resulting in an increased clearance of TGs
fibrates
