Mod 1 - HUM

Question 1

SHELL Model

Answer 1

Software
Hardware
Envirnoment
Liveware - Ind
Liveware - Team

Question 2

Safety Culture in ATM

Answer 2

Informed
Reporting
Just
Flexible
Learning

Question 3

What is the aim of Ergonomics ?

Answer 3

The study of the principles of interaction between human and equipment for purpose of applying them in design and operations

Optimise interaction between humans and machines.

Developing user friendly and error tolerant systems.

Question 4

State 2 reasons to use automation

Answer 4

• increases functionality
• increases efficiency by reducing workload
• help to prevent errors
• improve safety

Question 5

What are Constraints of Automation? Name two

Answer 5

Complacency
Vigilance decreases
Loss of job satisfaction
Human expertise loss

Question 6

List theee basic Needs of People at Work

Answer 6

Psychological and Physiological
Safety
Social
Esteem
Achievement

Question 7

What does the acronym IMSAFE Stand for?

Answer 7

Illness
Medication
Stress
Alcohol
Fatigue
Eating

Question 8

Types of Responsibility

Answer 8

Legal
Task
Role
Welfare
Moral

Question 9

Name the three different leader styles

Answer 9

Autocratic
Democratic
Laissez - Faire

Question 10

What are the stages of Teambuilding?

Answer 10

Forming
Storming
Norming
Performing

Question 11

Give 3 examples for Critical Teamwork related operational Situations

Answer 11

OJTI 
Handover
Handoff
Sector Splitting
Bandboxing
Unusual Situations
Incidents

Question 12

Definition of Human Error

Answer 12

The failure of planned mental or physical activities to achieve their intended outcome.

Question 13

State the different Error Types and respective failure

Answer 13

Slip - Attention failure
Lapse - Memory failure
Mistake - Rule or Knowledge based
Violation - Routine or Exceptional

Question 14

Name the 3 levels of performance according to the Rasmussen Model

Answer 14

Routine, Expected - Automated, Skill based
Familiar, Trained - Conscious and Automated, Rule based
Novel, Difficult, Dangerous - Conscious, Knowledge based.

Question 15

Reason Model

• draw it
• give a short explanation

Answer 15

Remember at least 2 slices of cheese!!

Question 16

What is the Purpose of Error Management ?

Answer 16

Prevent Error
Learn from Error
Improve Safety

Question 17

What is your protection against misunderstanding?

Answer 17

• speak fluent, clear, concise, unambiguous
• resolve misunderstandings
• ensure that the pilot has confidence in you
• give instructions/obtain&provide Information efficiently and correctly

Question 18

Describe the communication process

Answer 18

Sender(encoding)
V...............^
V signal....^feedback 
V...............^
Receiver(decoding)

Question 19

State 2 factors which affect non verbal communication

Answer 19

Gesture, facial expressions, culture, gender, age. Seniority, status

Question 20

State three factors which affect verbal communication

Answer 20

• word choice, intonation, speed, tone
• distortion, workload, expectation, noise, interruption
• accents, dialects, vocabulary
• Attitudes, needs, personality

Question 21

What must be ensured after receiving Feedback / Readback

Answer 21

Hearback

Ensure the readback is listened to.

Question 22

State Factors that affect Non Verbal Communication

Answer 22

Gesture, Facial expressions, Culture, Age, Gender, Attitudes, Personality, Needs…

Question 23

State Factors that affect Verbal Communication

Answer 23

Word choice, Intonation, Speed, Tone, Accents, Dialects, Vocabulary…

Question 24

What can be used to Protect against Misunderstanding

Answer 24

Use Standard Phraseology - well designed and disciplined use

Use Plain Language - with sufficient command and intelligent use.

Question 25

List Personal Stressors in the ATC Envirnoment

Answer 25

Lack of time
Lack of knowledge
Uncertainty
Changes in procedures
Constant checking of procedures
Shift work issues.

Question 26

List factors that can cause Stress

Answer 26

Shift work
Workload
Time on duty
Length of rest period 
Physical conditions
Emotional stress
Lifestyle and fitness
Health

Question 27

What are some Negative Affects of Stress

Answer 27

Short term - Reduced individual performance/blocked, teamwork collapses
Long term - High risk of heart and stomach disease, sleep disruption and fatigue or burn out.

Question 28

What are some Symptoms of Stress

Answer 28

Body - Rapid heartbeat/breathing, sweating, tension, high blood pressure, pain
Feelings - Anger, rage, anxiety, sadness, fatigue, disappoontment
Behaviour - Aggression, being unfair, getting louder, being frantic, smoking habits, eating habits, drinking habits.

Question 29

What does Stress Influence

Answer 29

Physical, psychological, social.