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PY100 Exam 2 > Chapter 8 (Weiten) > Flashcards

Chapter 8 (Weiten) Flashcards

From class notes

1
Q

Intelligence

A

Defined operationally as an IQ score

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2
Q

What are the two different types of testing?

A
  1. Achievement

2. Aptitude

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3
Q

Achievement test

A

Form of test that would assess what a person could do at the present; what they have learned or achieved up to this point

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4
Q

Aptitude test

A

What you’re apt to do in the future; predicts what a person may be able to accomplish in the future

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5
Q

Psychometrics

A

The science of measuring mental capacities and processes

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6
Q

Who created the first intelligence test?

A

Alfred Binet

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7
Q

When was Binet’s first test produced?

A

1905

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8
Q

What did the French government ask Binet to do in 1904?

A

Develop an objective test that would see whether children would need special education

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9
Q

Why did the French government want an intelligence test created?

A

The French government was concerned that teachers might prejudge children who looked poor or dirty as not as smart. They did not like that socioeconomic status could impact how a kid does in school.

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10
Q

What was Binet afraid of?

A

Binet was concerned that these tests would be used to label children and that they would not be able to shake off these labels. He also feared that if used improperly, testing could be the worst thing a child could experience

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11
Q

How did Binet develop the test?

A

Had to ask what typical kids knew and didn’t know so he could understand children’s cognition. Recognizing that there is a progression cognitively across childhood, he developed different types of questions that change with age

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12
Q

What was the purpose of Binet’s test?

A

To discover children’s mental age

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13
Q

What two psychologists brought Binet’s test to the United States?

A

Goddard (at Princeton) and Terman (at Stanford)

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14
Q

When was Binet’s test brought to the United States?

A

1908

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15
Q

What was the formula for IQ developed by Goddard and Terman?

A

IQ= ma/ca x 100

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16
Q

Representative standardization sample

A

Sample of test takers who represent the population for which the test is intended

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17
Q

When did Terman revise the Binet scale to produce the Stanford-Binet which introduced the intelligence quotient (IQ)?

A

1916

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18
Q

What was the size and demographics of Goddard and Terman’s standardization sample?

A

White Americans

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19
Q

Where and on who did Goddard and Terman administer the Bidet test beginning in 1913?

A

Ellis Island in New York Harbour on immigrants

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20
Q

List the groups of people who the Bidet test was administered upon in Ellis Island in decreasing order of predicted score

A
  1. People who were good at English (people from the British Isles)
  2. Western European cultures
  3. Eastern European cultures
  4. Indians
  5. Chinese

In general, the further you were geographically from the British Isles, the worst you would do on the test.

21
Q

What does a test need to be considered reliable?

A

Will give you the same (or similar) results every time you take it. The more reliable the test the better its ability to extract from you the same knowledge it extracted the first time

22
Q

What is an example of a factor that affects the reliability of a test?

A

Poorly worded questions

23
Q

How is the validity of a test determined?

A

Does the test measure what it is supposed to measure?

24
Q

What are two circumstances that affect validity?

A
  1. Fatigue during the test

2. Potential for adaptation

25
Q

What would be considered good reliability and validity scores in behavioural science?

A
  1. 7 for reliability

0. 4 for validity

26
Q

What intelligence test was created in 1972?

A

The BITCH (Black Intelligence Test of Cultural Homogeneity)

27
Q

Who developed the BITCH?

A

Dr. Robert Williams, an African American psychologist from Washington University in St. Louis

28
Q

What kinds of questions did the BITCH ask?

A

Went through black history in the United States, cultural music, cultural products, vocabulary

29
Q

What was the purpose of the BITCH?

A

Predictive of knowledge/ intelligence of the black experience in the United States in the early 1970s

30
Q

Who did the best on the BITCH?

A
  1. People who liked the creator of the test
  2. People with lower socioeconomic status
  3. People from urban, racially diverse communities
31
Q

When did Wechsler publish an improved measure of intelligence for adults?

A

1939

32
Q

What does WAIS stand for?

A

Weshsler
Adult
Intelligence
Scale

33
Q

What is the most often used IQ test in modern United States society?

A

WAIS

34
Q

What did WAIS introduce?

A

Deviation IQ score based on normal distribution

35
Q

What two categories are the WAIS divided into?

A

Verbal and performance (visual-spatial)

36
Q

What are six types of verbal questions in the WAIS?

A
  1. Information
  2. Comprehension
  3. Arithmetic
  4. Digit span
  5. Digit backwards
  6. Vocabulary
37
Q

Reaction Range Theory of Intelligence

A

Argument that genetics set the limits of your intelligence and then after that, your environment, largely socioeconomic status, sets where you are in those limits

38
Q

What did Claude Steel, an African American psychologist from Stanford, discover in the 1990s?

A

When you are fed and believe a negative stereotype about yourself, it takes up a lot of cognitive energy causing you to do worse. This is called stereotype threat.

39
Q

What is the 100% visual-spatial IQ test called?

A

Raven’s Progressive Matrices

40
Q

Why did Raven develop develop an IQ test?

A

Believed that anytime you ask a question verbally, you are infusing a part of American culture that is not part of intelligence

41
Q

Self-fulfilling prophecy

A

When a person unknowingly causes a prediction to come true, due to the simple fact that he or she expects it to come true

42
Q

Restriction of range

A

Where the observed sample data are not available across the entire range of interest

43
Q

Convergent thinking

A

Narrowing down answers to get to one

44
Q

Divergent thinking

A

Expanding all those possible answers to get as many as possible

45
Q

What part of the brain is axonally wired to eliminate possibilities?

A

Frontal lobe

46
Q

What test is used as a measure of creativity?

A

Unusual Uses Test

47
Q

What are two ways the frontal lobe can be loosened?

A
  1. Hitting yourself in the head

2. Drinking alcohol

48
Q

What two mental illnesses are indicative of frontal lobe dysfunction?

A
  1. Schizophrenia

2. Depression

PY100 Exam 2 (4 decks)

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