Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Foundations 3 > Breast Disorders > Flashcards

Breast Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

3 components of breast anatomy

A

Skin
Subcut. tissue
Breast tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 2 components of breast tissue

A

Epithelial

Stromal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

When performing the breast exam what body parts are examined

A

breast
neck
chest wall
axillae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What days are ideal to perform a breast exam

A

Ideally performed 7-9 days after onset of menses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the 2 components of performing breast exams

A

inspection

palpation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are different positions to have women in during breast exam?

What are you examining

A

Upright
Hands above head
Hands on side
Leaning forward

Skin retractions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are abnormalities during a breast exam

A 
Asymmetry
Skin changes
Nipple asymmetry
Nipple inversion or retraction
Nipple discharge or crusting
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the 2 positions to have women in on an exam table while doing breast exams

A

Sitting upright

Supine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What lymph nodes do you palpate on breast exam

A

axillary
supraclavicular
infraclavicular
cervical (anterior and posterior)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What screening is recommended for breast exams

A

mammogram

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is BI-RADS grading system criteria

A

0: incomplete (not a good enough review)
1: Negative (routine f/u)
2: Benign (routine f/u)
3: Probably benign (short-interval f/u)

4: Suspicious
4A: Low suspicion for malignancy
4B: Moderate suspicion for malignancy
4C: High suspicion for malignancy

5: Highly suggestive of malignancy
6: Known biopsy-proven malignancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Who are ultrasounds reserved for during breast screenings?

A

Initial study young, low-risk woman with suspected fibroadenoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Who are MRI with IV gadolinium dye reserved for during breast screenings?

What is a concern about using these

A

High risk women

***but high false positive rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What population are fibroadenomas most seen in?

Which race is this most frequent in

A

Young women
More frequent in black women
Usually a solitary mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How are fibroadenomas diagnosed

A

Core needle biopsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Treatment for Fribroadenomas?

A

Excision

Conservative treatment with monitoring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are Phyllodes tumor and where do they originate from?

A

Large fibroadenoma that grows rapidly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the ideal treatment for Phyllodes tumor?

A

Excision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the MC breast lesion

A

Fibrocystic conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What age group do fibrocystic conditions occur in?

A

Age 30-50

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Clinical presentation of Fibroadenomas

A 
Round or ovoid, 1-5 cm
Rubbery 
Discrete
Movable 
Non-tender
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What hormone can cause fibrocystic conditions?

What can cause an increased risk of Fibrocystic conditions?

A

Estrogen dependent

Alcohol use

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Clinical presentations of Fibrocystic changes?

A 
PAINFUL
Tender
Multiple cysts
Bilateral 
Rapid changes in size 
Nodular "rope" breast tissue
Mobile
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Diagnosis of Fibrocystic changes?

A

Mammogram and/or ultrasound

FNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Treatment for Fibrocystic changes

A

Breast support
Will subside with menopause

Evening primrose oil?
Low fat diet?
Avoid caffeine?
Vitamin E?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

MC female cancer in U.S?

A

Breast cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Which genes are associated with breast cancers?

A

BRCA1/BRCA2 genes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What are HIGH risk factors for Breast cancer

A

Personal/Family history of ovarian, peritoneal or breast cancer

BRCA 1/2 genes

Radiotherapy to chest between ages 10-30

29
Q

Protective factors for breast cancer

A 
Breastfeeding
Higher parity
Physical activity
Oophorectomy ≤ 35 y/o
Aspirin use
30
Q

What screenings are recommended to det. risk of breast cancer in Average risk women?

A

Gail model calculator

31
Q

General screening guidelines for high risk patients

A

Annual screening mammogram, starting at age 25 (or 5-10 years before age of diagnosis in affected relative)

Supplemental screening breast MRI

Scheduled 6 months apart

32
Q

What percent likely does postivie BRCA1 indicate for breast cancers

A

65% risk of breast cancer by age 70

33
Q

A positive BRCA2 indicates what percent likely of breast cancer

A

45% of breast cancer by age 70

34
Q

USPSTF recommendations for breast cancer screenings

A

Age 40-49, individualize (grade C)

Every 2 years, age 50-74 (grade B)

35
Q

ACOG recommendations for breast cancer

A

Age 40-49, shared decision making

Recommend at age 50-74

Every 1-2 years

≥ age 75, shared decision making

36
Q

Which type of carcinomas are the MC type of breast cancer?

A

Infiltrating ductal carcinomas

37
Q

MC subtype of breast carcinomas

A

Luminal A/Luminal B

***Estrogen-positive cancers

38
Q

What are Ductual carcinoas in situ?

A

Neoplastic lesions confined to breast ducts and lobules

39
Q

What are skin changes associated with breast cancers

A

Erythema
Thickening
Dimpling (pea d’orange)

40
Q

What are signs and symptoms of a metastasized breast cancer

A 
Back/leg pain
Abdominal pain
nausea
jaundice
SOB
cough
41
Q

How do breast cancers first present?

A

majority presents due to abnormal mamograms

42
Q

What imaging is preferred to diagnose breast cancer?

What findings suggest BC?

A

Mammogram – soft tissue mass/density and clustered microcalcifications

***Spiculated soft tissue mass

43
Q

What treatment is preferred for breast cancers

A

Lumpectomy + radiation therapy (“breast conservation therapy”)

44
Q

What medications can you use for Estrogen postive breast cancers

A

Tamoxifen or Raloxifene

45
Q

What is a side effect of taking Trastuzumab for HER-2 cancers?

A

heart failure, respiratory problems, life-threatening allergic reactions

46
Q

Follow up recommendations for Breast cancer treatments

A

Every 3-6 months x 2 years, then annually

Annual mammogram and CBE indefinitely

47
Q

What is the classic characterisitic of Inflammatory Breast cancer?

A

Diffuse erythema and edema (peau d’orange)

48
Q

Clinical presentation for IBC?

A

Rapid presentation

breast pain

49
Q

How are IBC diagnosed

A

Full-thickness skin punch biopsy

Dermal lymphatic invasion by tumor cells

50
Q

Treatment for IBC

A

Chemotherapy followed by mastectomy with axillary node dissection and post-mastectomy radiation

51
Q

How can Pagets Disease of the breast be characterized as?

A

scaly, raw, vesicular or ulcerated lesion that begins on the nipple and spreads to the areola

52
Q

Clinical presentation of Pagets disease of breast

A

Unilateral
Bloody disharge
Pain, burning, and pruritis***

53
Q

Diagnosis of PDB?

A

Full thickness wedge or punch biopsy of the nipple

Bilateral mammogram

54
Q

Treatment of PDB

A

Mastectomy or BCT followed by radiation

55
Q

Causes of Nipple disharge

A 
Usually benign
Early endocrine dysfunction – hyperprolactinemia, 
hypothyroidism
Medications – OCPs, 
tricyclics, antipsychotics 
Cancer – 5-15%
56
Q

What would indicate nipple discharge from fibrocystic changes

A

Non-bloody
Bilateral
Green, yellow, or brown; sticky

57
Q

What would indicate Milky, bilateral nipple discharge

A

Endocrine/Meds

58
Q

What would indicate purulent nipple discharge

A

Infections

59
Q

Bloody nipple discharge would indicate what?

A

breast cancer

60
Q

labs needed to diagnose nipple disharge

A

HCG
Prolactin
Renal tests
Thyroid function tests

61
Q

Treatment for nipple discharge

A

If medication related, reassurance
Terminal ductal excision
If malignancy, appropriate cancer surgery

62
Q

What is the causative organism of mastitis

What is the main cause of Mastitis?

A

S. aureus

Can be hospital acquired infection
Disrupted flow of milk causing engorgement
Infection of the infant

63
Q

Treatment for Mastitis?

A

Continue breastfeeding or use breast pump

Local heat

64
Q

What antibiotics can be used to treat Mastitis?

A

Dicloxacillin 500 mg po QID
Cephalexin 500 mg po QID
BOTH CAN BE 1st Line

Alternatively, clindamycin 300 mg po TID

65
Q

MC pathogen that causes abscess of the breast?

How else can it be caused?

A

S. aureus

Secondary to untreated or refractory to treatment mastitis or cellulitis

66
Q

Diagnosis for beast abcess?

A

Clinical findings and ultrasound

Breast milk cultures
+/- blood cultures

67
Q

Treatment for Breast abscess?

A

Drainage and antibiotics

Ultrasound guided needle aspiration or surgical drainage (I&D)

68
Q

What are pathological reasons for Gynecomastia

A

Drugs (estrogens)

Hypogonadism

tumors

69
Q

Treatment for Gynecomastia?

A

Regresses spontaneously in > 70% of patients after 1 year

Rare regression if
persists over 1 year or after age 17

Psychotherapy as needed
Consider surgery

Foundations 3 (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions