Hypo/Hypernatraemia Flashcards
state some hypovolaemia causes of hyponatraemia?
diuretics, addisons, renal failure, osmolar diuresis (e.g. glucose)
diarrhoea, vomiting, burns, fistula
state some hypervolaemia causes of hyponatraemia?
cardiac failure
nephrotic syndrome
cirrhosis
renal failure
state some euvolaemia causes of hyponatraemia?
SIADH
severe hypothyroidism
glucocorticoid insufficiency
state the treatment of SIADH?
vasopressin receptor antagonists
- vaptans
- demeclocycline
state some causes of SIADH?
small cell lung cancer TB pneumonia hypothyroidism SSRIs cyclophosphamide
what is the presentation of hyponatraemia?
anorexia malaise headache confusion coma
what is the presentation of hypernatraemia ?
thirst lethargy weakness confusion fits
state some hypovolaemia causes of hypernatraemia?
vomiting, diarrhoea, sweating, diuretics
state some hypervolaemia causes of hypernatraemia?
conns disease (hyperaldosteronism) hypertonic saline
what is the most common cause of hypernatraemia ?
dehydration
what does diabetes insipidus have on Na levels?
causes hypernatraemia
increasing Na too fast in the body can cause what?
cerebral oedema
state some symptoms of diabetes insipidus?
polyuria
polydipsia
dehydration
what diagnostic test can be used in diabetes insipidus?
water deprivation test
