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ANAT > Lecture 4 - Heart > Flashcards

Lecture 4 - Heart Flashcards

1
Q

What does pericardium do?

A

Line pericardial sac or cavity

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2
Q

What is the pericardium divided into?

A

Fibrous and serous

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3
Q

What is serous pericardium split into

A

Parietal and Visceral

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4
Q

Parietal pericardium is pain sensitive true or false

A

True

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5
Q

What is another name for visceral serous pericardium which covers the heart

A

Epicardium

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6
Q

What separates the two layers and its function

A

A small amount of fluids

Lubricates the surfaces during movements of the heart

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7
Q

What are the two circulations of the heart

A

Pulmonary and systemic

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8
Q

What are the walls predominantly made of?

A

Cardiac muscle

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9
Q

What is the heart lined with and what is it made of

A

Endocardium

Endothelium plus a small amount of underlying connective tissue

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10
Q

What are valves + their function

A

Folds of endocardium with a fibrous core

Partly controls flow

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11
Q

What are the 3 surfaces of the heart

A

Sternocostal
Posterior
Diaphragmatic

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12
Q

What are the 3 borders of the heart

A

Right, superior and left + apex

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13
Q

What is the name of the anterosuperior appendage of the right atrium

A

Right auricle

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14
Q

What vessels does the right atrium receive systemic circulation via

A

SVC
IVC
Coronary sinus (60%)
Vena cordis minumae and anterior cardiac veins

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15
Q

What is the fossa ovalis

A

Closed over remnant of embryonic opening between atria (foramen ovale)

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16
Q

What is the raised edge of the fossa

A

Limbus

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17
Q

What is the structure outside the heart which corresponds with the crista terminalis

A

Sulcus terminalis

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18
Q

The posterior lining of the right atrium is rough true or false

A

False

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19
Q

What is on the anterior of the right atrium

A

Roughly parallel pectinate muscles which run into crista terminalis

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20
Q

The right atrioventricular valve is bicuspid true or false

A

False

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21
Q

What are the leaflets of the right atrioventricular valve joined to

A

Chorda tendinae attached to 3 papillary muscles in right ventricle

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22
Q

What is the right ventricle lined with

A

Trabecular carnae (muscular folds)

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23
Q

What is the exception of the muscular right ventricle

A

Infundiculum on left below opening of right pulmonary trunk

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24
Q

What is an exception to the left atrium being posterior?

A

The left auricle

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25
Q

How many pulmonary veins does the left atrium receive

A

3-4

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26
Q

The left atrium is completely smooth true or false

A

False, the auricle has pectinate muscles

27
Q

The left ventricle has the thickest wall true or false?

A

True

28
Q

What separates the left and right ventricles

A

Interventricular septum and a small part which is atrioventricular septum

29
Q

What is the exception to the left ventricle muscular walls?

A

Smooth membranous part close to aortic opening (where the wall of the left ventricle is contiguous with wall of right atrium)

30
Q

How many leaflets does the aortic valve have?

A

3

31
Q

How many leaflets does the pulmonary trunk have?

A

3

32
Q

The grooves which the coronary vessels run in are not fatty true or false?

A

False

33
Q

What is the name of the sulcus or groove which contains the right coronary artery

A

Coronary sulcus or atrioventricular groove

34
Q

Where does the coronary sulcus run?

A

Between atria from ventricles and extends all around the heart

35
Q

What is the coronary sulcus deep to?

A

Both pulmonary trunk and aorta but can be traced elsewhere

36
Q

What are two other grooves of the heart

A

Anterior interventricular groove, posterior interventricular

37
Q

Where is the right border of the heart

A

At the vertical level of the right margin of the sternum

38
Q

Where is the apex of the heart

A

At the intersection of left mid clavicular line and fifth intecostal space

39
Q

What are the valves in the heart below

A

A line joining the third left and sixth right costal cartilages

40
Q

What are the first branches of the ascending aorta

A

Left and right coronary arteries

41
Q

What do the coronary arteries arise from

A

Aortic sinuses (expansions)

42
Q

There are no arterial anastamoses true or false

A

False, but not adequate to provide rapid collateral circulation in the case of sudden coronary blockage

43
Q

What comprises the venous drainage of the heart?

A

60% - three groups of veins - great, middle and small which drain into coronary sinus and ultimately into right atrium
40% - venae cordus minumae, anterior cardiac veins and some others

44
Q

Where do the anterior cardiac veins drain into?

A

Right atrium

45
Q

Where do the vena cordus minumae drain?

A

Into all chambers

46
Q

What does the great cardiac vein drain? Run?

A

Left atrium and both ventricles

Anterior interventricular sulcus

47
Q

Where does the small cardiac vein drain? Run?

A

Right atrium and some right ventricle

Coronary sulcus

48
Q

What does the middle cardiac vein drain? Run?

A

Ventricles

Posterior interventricular groove

49
Q

There are venous anastamoses true or false?

A

True

50
Q

What does the pacemaker system consist of

A

Modified cardiacmuscle fibres

51
Q

What does the pacemaker system control

A

Intrinsic contraction

Neural influences adapts the intrinsic rhythm to functional needs

52
Q

Where is the sinoatrial node

A

Anterolateral wall of right atrium just below the opening of the SVC

53
Q

Why does the sinoatrial node appear pale

A

It is associated with fat

54
Q

How does the sinoatrial node and atrioventricular node communicate?

A

Unmodified cardiac muscle fibres

55
Q

Where is the atrioventricular node

A

In interatrial septum below opening of coronary sinus

56
Q

What is the atrioventricular node in direct communication with

A

Atrioventricular bundle

57
Q

What does the atrioventricular bundle consist of

A

2 bundles of specialised cardiac muscle (purkinje fibres in subendocardium)

58
Q

Where do the bundles of cardiac muscles go to supply?

A

Left and right ventricle papillary muscles and ventricle walls

59
Q

What is systole, diastole

A

Contraction

Relaxation

60
Q

What does the cardiac plexus originate from

A

Fine branches from upper sympathetic trunk and vagus

61
Q

What does the sympathetic input of the heart do? Parasympathetic?

A

Increase rate and force of contraction

Decrease rate and force of contraction

62
Q

What do phrenic nerves do in the heart

A

They pass through fibrous pericardium and carry sensory fibres from serous parietal pericardium

63
Q

What is the lymph drainage of the heart

A

A plexus of small vessels throughout the heart drain into either right or left cardiac collecting trunks then into left bronchomediastinal trunk.

ANAT (17 decks)

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