6B The roles of specific regions of the brain in long-term memory

Question 1

Explicit memory/declarative

Answer 1

Information that can be consciously retrieved and stated
- tends to be expressed as words or symbols

Question 2

Implicit memory/non-declarative

Answer 2

memory not requiring concious retrieval
- including memory of stored routines and emotional responses

Question 3

Types of implicit memories

Answer 3

procedural memory - knowledge of skills, habits or actions
conditioned emotional response - learned emotional reaction occurs in response to stimulus or an event that you have formed an association with (fear, anxiety)

Question 4

Brain regions involved in memory

Answer 4

• Hippocampus
• Neocortex
• Basal ganglia
• Amygdala
• Cerebellum

Question 5

Hippocampus

Answer 5

Explict memory

Encodes, consolidates and retrieves explicit memories

Transfers newly encoded explicit memories to relevant parts of the brain for permanent long-term storage

Memory transfer occurs during sleep

Interacts with the amygdala to link emotions to explicit memories

Encoding and retrieval of personal memories of facts and figures

Question 6

Hippocampus

Answer 6

in the temporal lobe within the midbrain

Question 7

Amygdala

Answer 7

Implicit memory

Regulation of emotions

Influenced by the initiation of the flight-or-fight-or-freeze response and stress hormones

Helps store memories of events and emotions so you can recognise similar situations in the future

Encoding of implicit memory related to emotion

Question 8

Cerebellum

Answer 8

Implicit memory

Encodes simple reflexes aquired through classical conditioning e.g blinking in response to the sound of a bell

Coordinating fine muscle movements and regulating posture and balance

Encoding and temportary storage of implicit memory related to movement

Question 9

Basal ganglia

Answer 9

Implicit memory

Primary roles in learning, procedural memory, routine behaviours and emotions

Forming habits and guiding habits

Encoding implicit procedural memory, specifically habits by associating movement with reward or reinforcement

active when we move a part of our body in a new way stimulated by a cue

planning and control of fine motor control relating to a sequence of goal-directed behaviour

Encoding of implicit memory related to habits