6C - Regulation of blood glucose

Question 1

Hyperglycaemia Definition

Answer 1

Where the level of sugar in your blood is too high

Question 2

Hypoglycaemia Definition

Answer 2

A condition where the level of glucose in the blood drops below a healthy range

Question 3

Glucagon Definition

Answer 3

A hormone formed in the pancreas which promotes the breakdown of glycogen to glucose in the liver

Question 4

What is glucose?

Answer 4

Provides the body with energy for cellular respiration.

Question 5

Glycogenesis Defintion

Answer 5

Glucose molecules joined to form glycogen

Question 6

Glycogenolysis Definition

Answer 6

Glycogen is broken down into glucose

Question 7

Normal blood glucose levels

Answer 7

4.0 mmol/L - 7.8 mmol/L

Question 8

Maintaining Blood glucose levels

Answer 8

Maintained by the pancreas which produces hormones Insulin and glucagon

Question 9

What does Islets of Langerhans do?

Answer 9

They are receptors in the pancreas and they detect a change in blood glucose levels.

Question 10

What do beta cells do

Answer 10

Cause release of Insulin

Question 11

What do alpha cells do?

Answer 11

Causes the release of glucagon

Question 12

Once the glucose levels are detected, what do the hormones act on?

Answer 12

• Insulin causes excess glucose to be stored as glycogen.
• Glucagon converts glycogen into glucose

Question 13

Stimulus response model for the increase in blood glucose levels

Answer 13

Stimulus- Blood glucose levels increases
Receptors - Islets of Langerhans (Beta cells release insulin)
Modulator- Pancreas
Effector - Skeletal muscles/fat cells, liver cells
Response- Increase uptake of glucose. Glucose is converted to glycagon/stored in liver

Question 14

Stimulus response model for when blood glucose levels decrease

Answer 14

Stimulus- Blood glucose levels decrease
Receptors- Islets of Langerhans (alpha cells secrete glucagon)
Modulator- Pancreas
Effector- Liver cells
Response- Glycogen is released into bloodstream as glucose

Question 15

How does glucagon differs from glycogen?

Answer 15

Glucagon- is a hormone that tells the body to raise blood sugar
Glycogen- Stored glucose used for energy

Question 16

What does insulin do?

Answer 16

regulates the amount of glucose in the blood

Question 17

If you ate at 9 and your blood sugar levels are up and then the insulin brings it down. why does the blood sugar levels rise again at 10am?

Answer 17

The rise was due to the body converting glycogen to glucose

Question 18

state the type of molecule insulin represents.

Answer 18

A hormone

Question 19

How does insulin cause a decrease in blood glucose concentration?

Answer 19

Insulin promotes the uptake of glucose into skeletal muscle and fat cells by increasing the amount of glucose transporters in their plasma membranes and increases the production of glycogen in the liver by liver cells.

Question 20

What is the primary hormone responsible for lowering blood sugar levels?

Answer 20

Insulin

Question 21

True or False: Glucagon raises blood sugar levels.

Answer 21

True

Question 22

Fill in the blank: The pancreas produces insulin in response to _______.

Answer 22

high blood sugar levels

Question 23

What organ is primarily responsible for regulating blood sugar levels?

Answer 23

Pancreas

Question 24

What is the condition called when blood sugar levels are consistently high?

Answer 24

Hyperglycemia

Question 25

Which hormone is released when blood sugar levels are low?

Answer 25

Glucagon

Question 26

Multiple Choice: Which of the following foods is likely to cause a rapid increase in blood sugar? A) Whole grains B) Sugary snacks C) Leafy greens

Answer 26

B) Sugary snacks

Question 27

What is the function of the liver in blood sugar regulation?

Answer 27

The liver stores and releases glucose as needed.

Question 28

True or False: Type 1 diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance.

Answer 28

False

Question 29

What is the term for the blood sugar level after fasting for at least 8 hours?

Answer 29

Fasting blood glucose

Question 30

Fill in the blank: A normal fasting blood glucose level is typically between _______ mg/dL.

Answer 30

70 and 100

Question 31

What role does exercise play in blood sugar regulation?

Answer 31

Exercise helps lower blood sugar levels by increasing insulin sensitivity.

Question 32

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a symptom of low blood sugar? A) Confusion B) Sweating C) Increased thirst

Answer 32

C) Increased thirst

Question 33

What is the role of the hormone cortisol in blood sugar regulation?

Answer 33

Cortisol increases blood sugar levels during stress.

Question 34

True or False: Eating a balanced diet can help maintain stable blood sugar levels.

Answer 34

True

Question 35

What is the effect of high fiber foods on blood sugar levels?

Answer 35

High fiber foods help slow down the absorption of sugar.

Question 36

Fill in the blank: The condition characterized by extremely low blood sugar is called _______.

Answer 36

Hypoglycemia

Question 37

What is the primary function of insulin?

Answer 37

To facilitate the uptake of glucose into cells.

Question 38

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a long-term complication of poorly regulated blood sugar levels? A) Heart disease B) Improved vision C) Increased energy

Answer 38

A) Heart disease

Question 39

What dietary component is known to cause spikes in blood sugar levels?

Answer 39

Simple carbohydrates

Question 40

True or False: Drinking water can help lower blood sugar levels.

Answer 40

True

Question 41

What is the physiological response of the body when blood sugar levels drop?

Answer 41

The pancreas releases glucagon to increase blood sugar levels.

Question 42

Fill in the blank: Insulin resistance is often associated with _______.

Answer 42

obesity

Question 43

What is the role of the kidneys in blood sugar regulation?

Answer 43

The kidneys help filter excess glucose from the blood.

Question 44

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a common test for measuring blood sugar levels? A) MRI B) Glucose tolerance test C) X-ray

Answer 44

B) Glucose tolerance test