Digestive system

Question 1

What is the purpose of Digestion?

Answer 1

For ingestion, digestion, absorption and egestion

Question 2

Definition of Ingestion

Answer 2

Food is taken in through the mouth as large particles

Question 3

Definition of Digestion

Answer 3

To break food down into smaller pieces for the absorption of food and eliminating the waste

Question 4

Definition of Egestion

Answer 4

Undigested material and waste products of digestion are formed into faeces and eliminated by defecation

Question 5

What organs are in the Gastrointestinal tract?

Answer 5

Mouth, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine. rectum. anus

Question 6

The four types of teeth?

Answer 6

Incisors (cut food)
Canines (tear food)
Premolars and molars (grind food)

Question 7

Why does amylase only breakdown carbohydrates and not protease?

Answer 7

Due to enzymes being specific to the molecule they are breaking down. They have a certain structure and shape to fit the needs of carbohydrates

Question 8

Amylase breaking down?

Answer 8

carbohydrates -> Glucose

Question 9

Protease breaking down?

Answer 9

Protein -> Amino acids

Question 10

Lipase breaking down?

Answer 10

Lipids -> Fatty acids + glycerol

Question 11

Oesophagus function?

Answer 11

a muscular tube that travels the bolus from the mouth to the stomach. Epiglottis ensures it doesn’t go down the trachea and the peristalsis moves it down by contractions

Question 12

Stomach function

Answer 12

bolus is mixed with chyme and many enzymes comes in to protect the stomach and kill pathogens

Question 13

Definition of Pyloric sphincter

Answer 13

Sits at the end of the stomach to ensure chyme is digested before entering the small intestine

Question 14

Small intestine function

Answer 14

to continue digestion until molecules are small enough for absorption

Question 15

Duodenum function

Answer 15

It receives partially digested food from the stomach, as well as secretions from the liver and pancreas to aid in further digestion

Question 16

Jejunum function

Answer 16

known for rapid and vigorous peristaltic movements, aiding in the movement of food through the digestive tract

Question 17

ileum function

Answer 17

Plays a crucial role in absorbing nutrients, especially vitamin B12, and water

Question 18

villi and microvilli function

Answer 18

The increase surface area to increase absorption of nutrients

Question 19

Pancreas function

Answer 19

Secretions from the pancreas enter the small intestine via the pancreatic duct

Question 20

Liver and gall bladder function?

Answer 20

Liver produces bile and secretes it into the small intestine via the bile duct. The gall bladder stores the bile

Question 21

Bile Function

Answer 21

Bile emulsifies fats- breaks down fat into smaller droplets to assist lipase in digestion

Question 22

Large intestine function

Answer 22

To absorb water, vitamins and minerals.

Question 23

Digestive system in Herbivores

Answer 23

Longer G1 tract as plant material takes longer to digestion due to the cell wall being harder to break down and the extract necessary energy from plants. Caecum or rumen is required to assist in plant digestion

Question 24

Digestive system in rats

Answer 24

Have a large caecum which contains bacteria which produces an enzyme called cellulase, which breaks down cellulose, which is hard to digest

Question 25

Definition of Sphincter

Answer 25

In the anus which ensures stool is stored in the rectum until released

Question 26

Caecum function for Herbivores

Answer 26

stores food material where bacteria are able to break down the cellulose.

Question 27

Why are some microorganisms exist in the large intestines of animals such as herbivores?

Answer 27

Because they help break down the cell wall especially cellulose, which herbivores lack the enzymes to digest on their own

Question 28

What is the role of bicarbonate produced by the pancreas?

Answer 28

To neutralise the acidic contents of stomach (chyme) as it enters the duodenum