7-10

Question 1

2 types of cell division

Answer 1

meiosis and mitosis

Question 2

Mitosis

Answer 2

body cells
creates copies of original cell
2 diploid cells

Question 3

Meiosis

Answer 3

sex cells
creates variation
4 haploid cells

Question 4

Mendel’s blending inheritance

Answer 4

traits from the parents are “blended” together in the offspring

Question 5

Mendel’s particulate inheritance

Answer 5

traits show in the offspring from both parents

Question 5

Punnet square

Answer 5

used to show the genotypes of offspring after crossing 2 organisms together

Question 6

Structure of nucleotides

Answer 6

phosphate group
a sugar
nitrogen-containing base

Question 7

Antiparallel

Answer 7

strands move opposite directions

Question 8

Complementary

Answer 8

a strand that matches with another strand (replication)

Question 9

Helicase

Answer 9

the enzyme that unzips the dna for replication

Question 10

DNA polymerase

Answer 10

forms the new copies of dna

Question 11

Leading strand

Answer 11

strand that is moving into the replication fork

Question 12

Lagging strand

Answer 12

strand that is moving away from the replication fork

Question 13

Okazaki fragments

Answer 13

short fragments of dna that are added to the lagging strand

Question 14

DNA ligase

Answer 14

joining the new nucleotides to the complementary base

Question 15

Transcription

Answer 15

turning dna into rna
in nucleus

Question 16

Translation

Answer 16

turning rna into proteins
cytoplasm

Question 17

Mutation

Answer 17

a change in genetic code

Question 18

Germline mutation

Answer 18

a change in a sex cell that is passed onto offspring

Question 19

Somatic mutation

Answer 19

a change in a body cell

Question 20

Restriction enzymes

Answer 20

enzymes that can cut dna

Question 21

Gene cloning

Answer 21

a gene is copied and extracted from an organism

Question 22

DNA fingerprinting

Answer 22

examining a person’s unique sequence of dna base pairs

Question 23

Recombiant/transgenic dna

Answer 23

can be made by combining dna from 2 different organisms

Question 24

Farming with pH

Answer 24

altering a crop to get a new variation

Question 25

Plasmid

Answer 25

in dna circle shape extrachromosomal replicate on their own

Question 26

Pathogenic bacteria

Answer 26

bacteria that can cause disease

Question 27

How can bacteria become resistant to treatment

Answer 27

lateral ... mutations antibodies

Question 28

Virus structure

Answer 28

dna or rna 1 or 2 stranded capsid (protein code surrounding) can be disease causing vary in their genetic information

Question 29

4 things required for mitotic division

Answer 29

signal replicate its dna segregate cytokinesis

Question 30

Test cross

Answer 30

crossing a homozygous recessive to figure out the other organism's genotype