7 Flashcards
Adolf Hitler
“Lived 1889–1945
Ruled 1933-1945
“ Nazi Germany “He was the leader of the Nazi Party. His ideology was based on fascism, nationalism, and anti-Semitism. His actions led to World War II. Hitler wanted change for Germany after World War I and the reparations Germany had to pay. He believed the Jews were to blame for the pain Germany endured after World War I, both politically and economically.
” His aggresive politcal policies increased tensions all across Europe. The annexation of Austria in 1938 and reocupation of Rhineland in 1939 created tenstions between Germany and the rest of the world. Hitler’s invasion of Poland in 1939 started the war as Britian and France declared war on germany to back up Poland. Hitler’s aggrssion led to over 6 million Jews killed as well as millions of Poles and other Europeans “Nazism
WW2
Anti-Semitism
politcal ideology
Resistance
Tension
Nationalism”
Allied Powers
January 1, 1942 United States, Soviet Union, United Kingdom, and China the coalition of nations, primarily the United States, the Soviet Union, Great Britain, and China, that opposed the Axis Powers During World War II, the Allied Powers included major nations such as the United States, Soviet Union, United Kingdom, and China France, Russia, and the United Kingdom, which later expanded to include the United States and other nations
Alliance system
The system began forming in the late 1800s, but it played a critical role in the outbreak of WWI in 1914. Centered in Europe, but its effects were global due to the involvement of overseas colonies and alliances with nations outside of Europe. The Alliance System refers to a network of formal political and military agreements between countries, designed to provide mutual protection and support in case of conflict. Meant to maintain balance of power, but instead made regional conflicts global. Militarism and Arms Race, globalization of war and nationalism
Anti-Semitism
Most prevalent in 1939-1940 Europe/places where Jews lived It is hostility or discrimination against Jews. Anti-semitism can be seen through social exclusion, rascism, violence and more. There are many periods in time where Jews were discriminated against, however in WW2 was when Jews recieved the most amount of hate. During WW2 and the Holocaust over 6 million Jews were killed by Nazi Germany. Adolf Hitler’s hate towards Jews led to attacks and mass killimgs of Jews all over Europe especially in Poland. Hitler’s rage agaisnt Jews led to mass casualties in many nations across Europe and started the largest war in the world “World War II
Racism
Social Darwinism
Holocaust
Nationalism
Genocide “
Atomic Bomb
1945 Hiroshima and Nagasaki Japan A deadly nuclear weapon created during World War II that causes massive destruction using atomic energy. The U.S. dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, leading to Japan’s surrender and the end of the war in the Pacific. Over 200,000 people died, many instantly; others from radiation exposure in the weeks/months after. On August 15, 1945, Japan announced its unconditional surrender, marking the end of World War II. .Global Conflict and Total War, science and technology
Authoritarianism
1946-1970’s europe, china, russia.. etcetera a political system where power is put into a single authority/small group (suppressing freedoms such as political freedooms and civil liberties, with little to no public participation in the political process. supressed disent, manipulated public opinions through propaganda and even was involved in international relations propaganda
Axis Powers
World War II, 1939-1945 Germany, Italy, Japan Opponets of WWII, had the same goal of terrority expansion, which led to gloabl conflicts. As a result of the war, it led to the end of facist government and formed UN (United Nations) After WWI, Germany wanted revenge basically, and during the Great Depression (1929-1930s) authoritarian leaders proomised recovery. Facism and Militarism rose and the League of Nations was too weak to stop germany and japan (Axis Aggression). Gloabl Instablility, Total Gloabl Conflict and War
Causes of WWI
c. 1914 Europe The reasons for World War I were both long-term in nature and short-term and can be summarized in the letters M.A.N.I.A.—Militarism, Alliances, Nationalism, Imperialism, and the Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. A build-up of huge armies, secret and open alliances, imperialistic rivalry, and nationalist feeling was a volatile mixture. Sarajevo assassination provided the direct stimulus, which led world history toward a disastrous world war that redrew empires and states. “Nationalism -Nationalist tensions, especially in the Balkans, fueled rivalries and unrest that made large-scale war increasingly likely.
“
Central Powers
c. 1914-1918 Europe The Central Powers were among the prominent alliances in World War I and comprised Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria. They were in opposition to the Allied Powers and were a significant force in guiding the course of the war, striving to expand their influence and territory. The Central Powers were formed by military allied ports and shared goals, i.e., German and Austria-Hungary shared goals. They were defeated in the war and witnessed the collapse of a number of empires as well as other significant political disturbances, including the Treaty of Versailles and redrawing of nations in former Austrian and Ottoman empires. Alliances - The Central Powers demonstrate how alliance systems contributed to the escalation and scale of global conflict in WWI.
Fascism
c.1920s-1945 Primarily in Italy, Germany, and Spain Leaders like Benito Mussolini and Adolf Hitler exemplify the authoritarian and patriotic philosophy of fascism, which places a strong emphasis on centralized control, dictatorial leadership, the repression of opposition, and the exaltation of the state. Fascism contributed to the start of World War II and the Holocaust, brought about the establishment of totalitarian governments in Europe, and had a long-lasting effect on political beliefs and international relations. Political Ideologies
FDR
1882-1945 “Born in New York, USA
Died in Georgia “ He was the 32nd president of the USA serving from 1933 to 1945. He is very known for guiding America through the Great Depression AND WWII. He introduced Social Security, helped create the United Nations and strenghten relations beetween Europe and USA He helped reshape America’s economy after WWI and during WWII. He made lots of efforts to help Europe during WWII and worked hard to hasvig peace around the world through the UN.He also focused on American and helped Americans out economcially during his presidency and shaped international relations in the early Cold War “USA
WWII
Aid
President
Globalization
Peace
UN “
Firebombing
1937–1945 Europe and Asia A military strategy known as “firebombing” employs incendiary bombs to ignite large-scale flames, usually in residential areas, in an effort to damage infrastructure and depress morale. Massive devastation and human casualties occurred in cities like Tokyo and Dresden, which sparked discussions about the morality of warfare strategies and helped advance international regulations on armed conflict after the war. Environmental Impact/Changes
Genocide
1933 - Precent Asia to Africa Genocide lies in its profound impact on human history, causing immense loss of life and suffering while emphasizing the need for international awareness of human rights protection. Another targets one group in an attempt to eliminate or control them. these events are often fueled by prejudice and the breakdown of social and political systems, sometimes occurring during wartime or periods of civil unrest. Human rights violations and the consqueneces of intolerance
Great Depression
1929 to 1939 United States The Great Depression was a severe, worldwide economic downturn that began in 1929 and lasted until about 1939, characterized by high unemployment, poverty, and drastic reductions in industrial production and international trade mass unemployment, widespread poverty, business closures, and a decline in consumer spending economic hardship, poverty, unemployment, and social unrest emerge prominently in literature, art, and popular culture, reflecting the struggles of everyday people and the disillusionment with the American political and economic systems.
Great Purge
1936–1938 Soviet Union The Great Purge was a campaign of political repression in the Soviet Union led by Joseph Stalin to eliminate dissent within the Communist Party, military, and broader society. It involved widespread arrests, executions, and forced labor. Stalin launched the Great Purge to consolidate his power by targeting perceived enemies, including political rivals, military leaders, and ordinary citizens. Many were accused of being “enemies of the state” with little or no evidence. The purge created a climate of fear, weakened the Soviet military, and suppressed opposition through violence and intimidation. “Joseph Stalin
Totalitarianism
Gulags”
Hiroshima/Nagasaki
August 6 and 9, 1945 Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki Hiroshima and Nagasaki were the sites of the first and only use of nuclear weapons in warfare, when the United States dropped atomic bombs on these Japanese cities Massive casualties, extensive destruction, and long-term health problems for survivors were among the immediate and long-term effects of the 1945 atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, which the US dropped in order to force Japan to surrender. Ultimately, this led to Japan’s surrender and the end of World War II.
Holocaust
c. 1933–1945 Germany and Nazi-occuiped Europe The Holocaust was the systematic killing of six million Jews by the Nazis, together with the millions of individuals in the victim groups. The Holocaust was the culmination of racial ideology and totalitarianism. The Holocaust occurred during World War II and included mass killings in concentration camps. It exposed the atrocities of racial nationalism and led to reform in international human rights. Human Rights – The Holocaust revealed the dangers of unchecked authoritarianism and inspired international efforts to define and protect human rights post-World War II.
Japanese Imperialism
1868-1945 Japan/ South east Asia Japanese Imperialism refers to Japan’s expansionist policies during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, as it sought to establish itself as a dominant power in East Asia. Driven by economic needs, nationalism, and a desire for military power, Japanese imperialism, driven by the need for resources and national security, led to the annexation of territories like Korea and the invasion of parts of China and Southeast Asia. Its expansion contributed to World War II and ended with Japan’s defeat in 1945, resulting in the loss of its empire and the end of its imperial ambitions. Japanese imperialism reflects the theme of nationalism and expansion, as Japan sought to establish itself as a global power through territorial conquest and economic domination. It also illustrates the dangers of militarism and aggressive foreign policy, which contributed to the outbreak of World War II and the eventual collapse of Japan’s empire.
Joseph Stalin
1924–1953 Soviet Union Leader of the Soviet Union (1924–1953), known for rapid industrialization, purges, and transforming the USSR into a superpower. Stalin’s policies led to significant economic changes, but also immense suffering and geopolitical tensions during and after WWII. State/Empire Building
League of Nations
1920-1946 Paris Peace Conference The League of Nations was the first worldwide intergovernmental organisation whose principal mission was to maintain world peace. It was founded on 10 January 1920 by the Paris Peace Conference that ended the First World War. contribute to the development of international law, fostered economic stability in some areas, and paved the way for the United Nations collective security, peaceful dispute resolution, international cooperation, and disarmament to prevent future wars and promote global stability
