8 Flashcards
Algerian War for Independence
1954-1962 Algeria Conflict between Algeria and France, in order fot the Algerian people to gain independence. Resulted in the creation of the Algerian State Revolution
Arms Race
20th century It involved global superpowers, especially between the United States and the Soviet Union, but also included other nations like Germany and China. An Arms Race refers to the competition between nations to build up military weapons and technology, particularly nuclear arms, in order to gain a strategic advantage. It is significant because it led to massive military spending and increased tensions between rival nations, especially during the Cold War. The Arms Race was fueled by fears of military dominance and national security. It resulted in the rapid development of advanced weapons, particularly nuclear bombs, and heightened global tensions, which brought the world close to nuclear war on multiple occasions. The Arms Race highlights themes of military competition, technological advancement, and global insecurity, as well as the dangers of escalating conflict and nuclear proliferation.
Berlin Airlift
June 24, 1948-May 12, 1949 Germany, Berlin A massive air support opertation, whos goal was to supply West Germany with food,supplies, and other commodities due to the blockade made by the USSR as an attempt to force the US our of West Germany. It forced the USSR to remove the blockade and it showed the world that the US is capablie of supplying/ aiding thier allies Communism Democracy
Berlin Wall
contrusted 1961 Fell Nov 9, 1989 Germany, Berlin Symbolized the division between the communist East and capitalist West during the Cold War, representing the broad ideological and political conflict between the Soviet Union and the United States. It’s Fall in 1989 marked the end of the Cold War and led to the reunification of Germany. It was built during the Cold War in 1961 by the German Republic to stop the massive emigration of East Germans to West Berlin. It was a physical symbol of the ideological divide between the communist east and capitalist west, as well as the larger geopolitical struggle between the soviet union and the United States. Divison and reunification
Civil Disobedience
1900-Present Globally a form of political protest where individuals intentionally violate laws to address perceived injustices and convey their discontent to the government, media, and public, often with the goal of bringing about social or political change Lead to revolutions, changes gloably, and indepedence Revolution
Cold War
1947 - 1991 Decolonization movements influenced by the Cold War occurred in Asia, Africa, and Latin America were influenced by Cold War dynamics The Cold War was a period of world wide political tension between the Soviet Union and the United States, along with their respective allies based on whether one side was communist or capitilist, from the end of World War II until the early 1990s, and was characterized through ideological conflict, military rivalry, etc The Cold War emerged from the end of the world, where the US and the Soviet Union, initially allies against Nazi Germany, found themselves on opposing sides of the ideological spectrum. Ideological Conflict(Communism vs. Capitlilist), Arms Race, proxy wars, etc
Cuban Missile Crisis
October 1962 16-28 Cuba 13 day span in cuba between the ussr and the united states so they could be under the devolpments of the nuclear missles in cuba they came really close to a nuclear war and they also had commuication and reduced tensions in the arms race Imperalism
Cuban Revolution
1953 to 1959 “The Cuban Revolution took place mainly in:
Santiago de Cuba – Site of the failed Moncada Barracks attack in 1953.
Mexico – Where Fidel Castro and his followers regrouped before returning to Cuba.
Sierra Maestra Mountains – The base for guerrilla warfare after their landing in 1956.
Havana – The capital, where Batista fled on January 1, 1959, marking the revolution’s victory” The Cuban Revolution (1953–1959) was an armed uprising led by Fidel Castro and his allies to overthrow the dictatorship of Fulgencio Batista. It resulted in the establishment of a communist government in Cuba after Batista fled on January 1, 1959. The Cuban Revolution occurred in a context of widespread dissatisfaction with the corrupt, U.S.-backed dictatorship of Fulgencio Batista. Social inequality, political repression, and foreign influence fueled the rise of Fidel Castro and the 26th of July Movement, aiming to create a more just society and challenge imperialism. “Social Justice – Addressing inequality, poverty, and land redistribution.
Anti-imperialism – Rejecting U.S. influence and foreign control over Cuba.
Nationalism – Promoting Cuban sovereignty and self-determination.
Revolutionary Change – Overthrowing an authoritarian regime and establishing a new government.
Guerrilla Warfare – The use of armed resistance against a larger, more powerful government.
Ideological Commitment – The shift toward socialism and communism under Fidel Castro’s leadership.”
Decolonization
“American Revolution (1776)
1950s-1990s as well “ Europe, Americas, Africa Decolinzation is the process where colonies gain indeopenedce from their colonizers. One important decolnzation process was the American Revolution where the USA became independet from Britian in 1776. Afetr WWII another wave of decolonization occured all across the world in many nations Due to the weak economic and politcal stability in Europe after WWII many coloneis seeked independence. Some colonies became independed peacefully however some colonies uses force and war to split from their colonizers. Globalization, industrialziation and imperialism are all factors that led decolonization to occur “Economic stabilty
Politcal stability
War
WWII
Cold War
Britian
Revolutions
After 1950s “
Fall of the Soviet Union
1991 Soviet Union This was the end of the soviet union, the end of a multi decade rule This marks the end of the cold war, along with the 15 constituent republics gaining their inderpendance
Fidel Castro
1959 to 2008. Cuba Fidel Castro (1926–2016) was the leader of Cuba who led the Cuban Revolution in 1959, overthrowing dictator Fulgencio Batista. He established a one-party communist state and served as Cuba’s Prime Minister (1959–1976) and President (1976–2008). Castro was a key figure in Cold War politics, opposing U.S. influence and aligning with the Soviet Union. He retired in 2008 due to health issues. Fidel Castro came to power after the Cuban Revolution in 1959, overthrowing the U.S.-backed dictator Fulgencio Batista. He established a socialist government, aligned Cuba with the Soviet Union during the Cold War, and implemented policies of nationalization and social reform. His leadership was marked by tensions with the United States, including the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962. Castro’s regime lasted until 2008 when he retired due to health issues. “The most important themes in Fidel Castro’s life and legacy can be summarized briefly as:
Revolution and Liberation: Castro led the Cuban Revolution to overthrow the dictator Fulgencio Batista, promoting anti-imperialism and the fight for Cuba’s sovereignty.
Socialism and Communism: As a Marxist-Leninist, Castro established a socialist state in Cuba, nationalizing industries and implementing economic reforms aimed at reducing inequality.
U.S.-Cuba Relations and the Cold War: Castro’s defiance of U.S. imperialism led to tense relations, including the Cuban Missile Crisis, and a lasting trade embargo.
Authoritarianism: Castro maintained tight control over Cuba, suppressing political opposition and restricting freedoms, leading to criticism of his authoritarian rule.
Healthcare and Education: Castro’s regime made significant strides in universal healthcare and education, gaining international recognition for these social achievements.
Legacy and Controversy: Castro’s legacy is deeply divisive, with supporters praising his resistance to imperialism and critics pointing to human rights abuses and economic challenges.”
Indian National Congress
Founded 1885 India The Indian National Congress (INC) was a political party that played a central role in the struggle for India’s independence from British colonial rule. The INC, led by figures like Mahatma Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru, organized mass movements and negotiations that eventually led to India’s independence in 1947. Revolution, Nationalism
Iron Curtain
1945-1991 Poland,East Germany and The baltic sea “a political coinage employed by Winston Churchill in 1946 to characterize the ideological and physical divide which ran through Eastern Europe and demarcated communist Eastern Europe from Western Europe during the Cold War and has
A boundary separating communist Eastern Europe from Western Europe during the Cold War, delineating the political and ideological separation between the blocs.
“ Winston Churchill declared in his 1946 “Iron Curtain” speech that the “iron curtain” was Soviet control over Eastern Europe, prompting greater tension, competing defensive military alliances (NATO and Warsaw Pact), and a Cold War rivalry. ideological and political between eastern europe and soveint union
Korean War
1950-1953 Korean Peninsula “The Korean War (1950-1953) started when North Korea, invaided by the Soviet Union and China, invaded South Korea, which was supported by the U.S. and UN forces. It was one of the key occurrences of the early Cold War, characterized by U.S.-Soviet tension.
“ erupted when North Korea, assisted by the Soviet Union and China, invaded South Korea, prompting a UN intervention led by the United States, resulting in a bloody stalemate and partition of the peninsula. Revolutions
Mao Zedong
1893-1976 China The first CCP leader who succeeded in taking control of China after the Chinese Civil War Winner of the Chinese Civil War
Mutually Assured Destruction
Cold War era Global Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD) is a doctrine in which both superpowers, the U.S. and the Soviet Union, maintained enough nuclear weapons to ensure total annihilation of both sides in the event of a nuclear war. MAD prevented direct conflict between the superpowers during the Cold War, as the threat of complete destruction acted as a powerful deterrent to nuclear war. Mutually Assured Destruction deterred nuclear conflict during the Cold War through the threat of total annihilation.
NATO
April 4, 1949 North America and Europe and Belguim Its role as a military alliance is designed to provide collective defense, ensuring the security and stability of its member countries. It played a key role during the Cold War in countering the soviet influence and continues to promote peace and democracy among its members. Created in 1949 during the Cold War, as a collective defense alliance to counter the growing influence of the Soviet uinion and its communist bloc. The founding members are the United States, Canada, and the Western European countries, aimed to provide mutual defense against potential soviet aggression and ensure the security of Europe and North America. Collective defense and security
Non-Aligned Movement
1961 Eastern+Western Bloc A group of states that chose not to formally align with either the Western bloc (led by United States) or the Eastern bloc (led by Soviet Union) during the Cold War. This movement arose from a desire for independence and the promotion of peace and cooperation among developing countries. Formally established in 1961 at the Belgrade Conference. The Non-Aligned Movement emerged as a result to the polarizing effects of the Cold War, where countries were forced to chose sides between the United States and Soviet Union. These nations aimed to maintain their independence. This approach allowed them to advocate for peace, development and mutual respect among nations without being entangled in conflicts. Movements
Pan-Africanism
Late 19th Century to Present Across Africa and rhe African Diaspora A Political and cultural movement that aimed at unifying the africans and those of african descent around the world. They wanted independence, civil rights, and the resistance against colonialism. It encouraged pride in african heritage, laid the idealogical founation for many independece leaders, and promoted unity among the african nations. Unity of african people, social rights movement.
Partition of India
1947 British India The partition of india was the division of british india into two seperate placed, india and pakistan. It had resulted in massive population displacement, with just about 15 million people crossing borders It had led to the creation of two soverign nations, and it also was the largest mass migration in history. It had also been an ongiong conflict between India and Pakistan Decolinization, Religous conflict, Nationalism, migration and displacement, formation of new states Slavery Social Hierarchy Trade networks
