7: Considering Your Reproductive Choices

Question 1

a person’s ability to reproduce

Answer 1

fertility

Question 2

methods of preventing conception

Answer 2

contraception

Question 3

fertilization of an ovum by a sperm

Answer 3

conception

Question 4

any method that reduces the likelihood of conception or childbirth

Answer 4

birth control

Question 5

number of pregnancies per 100 users that are likely to occur in the first year if a particular birth control method is used consistently and correctly (the ideal)

Answer 5

perfect-use failure rate

Question 6

number of pregnancies per 100 users that are likely to occur in the first year if a particular birth control method is not always used consistently or correctly (the reality)

Answer 6

typical-use failure rate

Question 7

contraceptive methods that block the meeting of egg and sperm by means of a physical barrier (condom), a chemical barrier (spermicide), or both

Answer 7

barrier method

Question 8

contraceptive methods that introduce synthetic hormones into a woman’s system to prevent ovulation, thicken cervical mucus, or prevent a fertilized egg from implanting

Answer 8

hormonal methods

Question 9

contraceptive methods in which a device is inserted into the uterus to either introduce synthetic hormones or interfere with sperm movement or egg fertilization

Answer 9

intrauterine methods

Question 10

preventing pregnancy through temporary or permanent abstinence or planning intercourse in accordance with fertility patterns

Answer 10

behavioral methods

Question 11

surgically altering a man or woman’s reproductive system to permanently prevent pregnancy

Answer 11

permanent methods

Question 12

infectious diseases caused by pathogens transmitted through some form of sexual contact

Answer 12

sexually transmitted infections (STIs)

Question 13

a substance that kills sperm

Answer 13

spermicide

Question 14

a single-use sheath of thin latex that or other material designed to fit over an erect penis and to catch semen on ejaculation

Answer 14

male condom

Question 15

a single-use nitrile sheath for internal use during vaginal intercourse to catch semen on ejaculation

Answer 15

female condom

Question 16

a thin film infused with spermicidal gel that is inserted into the vagina so that it covers the cervix

Answer 16

vaginal contraceptive film

Question 17

a cup-shaped latex device that is designed to cover the cervix and block access to the uterus - should always be used with spermicide

Answer 17

diaphragm

Question 18

rare, potentially life-threatening disease that occurs when specific bacterial toxins multiply and spread to the bloodstream, most commonly through improper use of tampons, diaphragms, or cervical caps

Answer 18

toxic shock syndrome (TSS)

Question 19

small cup made of silicone that is designed to fit snugly over the entire cervix - should always be used with spermicide

Answer 19

cervical cap

Question 20

contraceptive device containing nonoxynol-9 and made of polyurethane foam that fits over the cervix to create a barrier against sperm

Answer 20

contraceptive sponge

Question 21

pills containing synthetic hormones that prevent ovulation by regulating hormones

Answer 21

oral contraceptives

Question 22

a patch that releases hormones similar to those in oral contraceptives - each patch is worn for 1 week

Answer 22

Xulane

Question 23

a soft, flexible ring inserted into the vagina that releases hormones similar to those in oral contraceptives - each ring is worn for 3 weeks

Answer 23

NuvaRing

Question 24

injectable hormonal methods of birth control that last for 3 months

Answer 24

Depo-Provera / Depo-subQ Provera

Question 25

a plastic capsule implanted in a woman's upper arm that releases a low dose of progestin to prevent pregnancy

Answer 25

Nexplanon (Implanon)

Question 26

a T-shaped device that is implanted in the uterus to prevent pregnancy

Answer 26

intrauterine device (IUD)

Question 27

a contraceptive method that involves pulling the penis out of the vagina before ejaculation (coitus interruptus)

Answer 27

withdrawal

Question 28

a square of latex that is used as a barrier between the mouth and a woman's genitals to protect from vaginal fluids

Answer 28

dental dam

Question 29

several types of birth control that require alteration of sexual behavior rather than chemical or physical intervention in the reproductive process

Answer 29

fertility awareness methods (FAMs)

Question 30

drugs taken within 3 to 5 days after unprotected sex to prevent pregnancy

Answer 30

emergency contraceptive pills (ECPs)

Question 31

permanent fertility control achieved through surgical procedures

Answer 31

sterilization

Question 32

sterilization of a woman that involves cutting and tying off or cauterizing the fallopian tubes

Answer 32

tubal ligation

Question 33

surgical removal of the uterus

Answer 33

hysterectomy

Question 34

male sterilization procedure that involves cutting and tying off the vasa deferentia

Answer 34

vasectomy

Question 35

termination of a pregnancy by expulsion or removal of an embryo or fetus from the uterus

Answer 35

abortion

Question 36

an abortion technique that uses gentle suction to remove fetal tissue from the uterus - AKA vacuum aspiration

Answer 36

suction curettage

Question 37

an abortion technique that uses a combination of instruments and vacuum aspiration

Answer 37

dilation and evacuation (D&E)

Question 38

a late-term abortion procedure in which the body of the fetus is extracted up to the head and then the contents of the cranium are aspirated

Answer 38

intact dilation and extraction (D&X)

Question 39

termination of a pregnancy during the first 9 weeks using hormonal medications that cause the embryo the be expelled from the uterus

Answer 39

medical abortion

Question 40

genetic disorder caused by the presence of an extra chromosome that results in mental disabilities and distinctive physical characteristics

Answer 40

Down syndrome

Question 41

medical care received before becoming pregnant that helps a woman assess and address potential health issues

Answer 41

preconception care

Question 42

a hormone that is detectable in blood or urine samples of a mother within the first few weeks of pregnancy

Answer 42

human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)

Question 43

one of three 3-months phases of pregnancy

Answer 43

trimester

Question 44

the fertilized egg from conception through the eighth week of development

Answer 44

embryo

Question 45

the developing human from the ninth week until birth

Answer 45

fetus

Question 46

a network of blood vessels connected to the umbilical cord that transports oxygen and nutrients to a developing fetus and carries away fetal wastes

Answer 46

placenta

Question 47

causing birth defects - may refer to drugs, environmental chemicals, radiation, or diseases

Answer 47

teratogenic

Question 48

a pattern of birth defects, developmental disabilities, and behavioral problems in a child caused by the mother's alcohol consumption during pregnancy

Answer 48

fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)

Question 49

a disease caused by an organism found in cat feces that, when contracted by a pregnant woman, may result in stillbirths or birth defects

Answer 49

toxoplasmosis

Question 50

a common prenatal test that uses sound waves to create a visual image of a developing fetus

Answer 50

ultrasonography (ultrasound)

Question 51

a prenatal test that involves snipping tissue from the fetal sac to be analyzed for genetic defects

Answer 51

chorionic villus sampling (CVS)

Question 52

a common maternal blood test that can be used to identify certain birth defects and genetic abnormalities in a fetus

Answer 52

triple marker screen (TMS)

Question 53

a medical test in which a small amount of fluid is drawn from the amniotic sac to test for Down syndrome and other genetic abnormalities

Answer 53

amniocentesis

Question 54

the protective pouch surrounding the fetus

Answer 54

amniotic sac

Question 55

a surgical birthing procedure in which the baby is removed through an incision made in the mother's abdominal wall and uterus

Answer 55

cesarean section (C-section)

Question 56

a pregnancy complication characterized by high blood pressure, protein in the urine, and edema

Answer 56

preeclampsia

Question 57

loss of the fetus before it is viable - AKA spontaneous abortion

Answer 57

miscarriage

Question 58

a dangerous condition that results from the implantation of a fertilized egg outside the uterus, usually in a fallopian tube

Answer 58

ectopic pregnancy

Question 59

death of a fetus after the twentieth week of pregnancy but before delivery - "born dead"

Answer 59

stillbirth

Question 60

mood disorder experienced by women who have given birth - involves depression, fatigue, and other symptoms and may last for weeks or months

Answer 60

postpartum depression

Question 61

the inability to conceive after trying for a year or more

Answer 61

infertility

Question 62

a disorder in which the endometrial tissue establishes itself outside the uterus

Answer 62

endometriosis

Question 63

inflammation of the female genetic tract that may cause scarring or blockage of the fallopian tubes, resulting in infertility

Answer 63

pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

Question 64

a sperm count below 20 million per milliliter of semen

Answer 64

low sperm count

Question 65

a fertilization procedure in which semen from a partner or donor is deposited into a woman's uterus via a thin tube

Answer 65

alternative insemination

Question 66

fertilization of an egg in a nutrient medium and subsequent transfer back into the mother's body

Answer 66

in vitro fertilization (IVF)